Remediation
FAHAD SUHAIB
SAMIA AHMED
ALI HASSAN SHAH
Reclamation
Reclamation
Land Reclamation
Mine Reclamation
Water Reclamation
River Reclamation
Types of Reclamation
River Reclamation
Stream restoration or river restoration, sometimes called river
reclamation describes a set of activities that help improve the
environmental health of a river or stream.
These activities aim to restore the natural state and functioning of
the river system in support of biodiversity, recreation, flood
management and landscape development
Improved health may be indicated by expanded habitat for
diverse species (e.g. fish, aquatic insects, other wildlife) and
reduced stream bank erosion
Methods of Reclamation
DRY METHOD
HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD
REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT
HYDRAULIC FILLING
SAND SPREADING
PUMPING INSIDE THE SPECIFIED AREAS
Purpose of Reclamation
The creation of new land was for the need of human activities.
Some of the basic needs of humans for which the land is aquired by
reclamation are as follows:
The entire East Coast Park in Singapore was built on reclaimed land
with a man-made beach.
Reclamation in different parts of the
World
In-SituRemediation
Ex-Situ Remediation
In-Situ Remediation
The treatment of contaminated soil in the location where it was found can
be considered more convenient compared to ex-situ bioremediation. This
is because equipment is not needed to unearth the contaminated soil
leading it to be less expensive, and cleaner since it does not send dust and
contaminants into the surrounding area. Some disadvantages to this
method of bioremediation is that it may take longer to decontaminate, it is
less manageable and it is mostly effective in loose soil.
In-Situ Remediation
1. Bioventing
Bioventing is the process of pumping oxygen into the soil anywhere above
the water table in the form of air.
Wells are injected into the contaminated soil, and air can be sucked or
blown through the wells.
The oxygen from the air is used by the micro-organisms. Nutrients may also
be pumped through the injection wells such as nitrogen and phosphorus to
increase the growth rate of the micro-organisms in the soil.
Injection of Hydrogen Peroxide
The treatment of contaminates soil or water once it has been excavated or pumped out of the
location at which it was found
Ex-Situ bioremediation of contaminated soil
Although this technique for decontamination requires the removal of soil prior to the treatment, it can
be faster, easier to control and usually more able to treat a wider range of toxins and soils. Ex-situ
bioremediation can occur in two ways:
2. Solid-Phase Bioremediation
Slurry Phase Remediation
Slurry Phase Bioremediation is a process where the contaminates soil is mixed with water and other
reagents in a large tank known as a bioreactor.
It is mixed in order to keep the micro-organisms in contact with the toxins present in the soil. Then
oxygen and nutrients are added into the mixing so the micro-organisms have an ideal
environment to break down the contaminants.
Once the process has been completed, the water is separated from the soil and the soil is tested
and replaced in the environment.
landfarming,
soil biopiles, and
composting.
Landfarming & Composting
Landfarming is a more simple process. The soil is spread out over a pad which
has a system that is used to collect any of the residual liquids from the soil
which may be toxic. The soil is turned over regularly to allow air to mix air in
with the excavated soil. In this environment, the micro-organisms present in the
soil are more able to break down the contaminants in the soil
Composting is a treatment where the waste is mixed in with straw, hay or corn
cobs to maximize the water levels and air levels which the micro-organisms
have access to. Composting can be done three ways:
1. Static Pile - where a pile of compost is aerated using vaccums or blowers.
2. Mechanically Agitated in-vessel composting - where the compost is put into
a treatment tank where it is turned around and mixed so it can be aerated.
3. Windrow Composting - where the compost is laid out in long piles where it
can be mixed by a tractor
Thank You!