City Beautification Project

Nanded City

By
Prof. S. L. Dhingra
IIT Bombay
http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra
 Overview
Introduction
Beautification of City - Case Studies
Road Side Amenities
Traffic Management
Traffic Control Devices
Parking Management
Conclusion
References
 Introduction
Nanded, a well known Sikh Pilgrimage Center
One of the Five Sikh Takhats is located here named
as Hazur Sahib
A famous gurudwara at Nanded, a replica of the
golden temple of Amritsar will be celebrating 300
years in 2008
There will be expectancy of millions peoples to be
arrive for this event
Proper event management should be done to
complete this event successfully
Nanded City
Beautification of City Case
Studies
 Chandigarh
Called The City Beautiful serves as a capital of
two states: Punjab and Haryana
Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that
confirmed to the modern city planning principles,
and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks
Divided the city into units called 'sectors', each
representing a theoretically self-sufficient entity
with space for living, working and leisure
 Chandigarh
The sectors were linked to each other by a road
and path network developed along the line of the
7 Vs, or a hierarchy of seven types of circulation
patterns
The city plan is laid down in grid pattern
The sectors were to act as self-sufficient
neighborhoods, each with its own market, places
of worship, schools and colleges - all within 10
minutes walking distance from within the sector
 Chandigarh
The original two phases of the plan delineated
sectors from 1 to 47, with the exception of 13
The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometer
greenbelt that was to ensure that no development
could take place in the immediate vicinity of the
town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl
 Chandigarh
One of the unusual and popular features of
Chandigarh is the Rock Garden of Chandigarh
Chandigarh IT Park (also called Kishangarh IT
Park) is the city's attempt to break into the IT world
Divided into identical looking sectors, each sector
measures 800m x 1200m. The sectors were to act
as self-sufficient neighborhoods, each with its own
market, places of worship, schools and colleges
Chandigarh City Map
Sector 17: Citys Heart and Retail Centre
 Nagpur
Winter capital of the state of Maharashtra
Affectionately called as Orange city and also
declared as a second Green city of India
Planning process implemented by Dr. T.
Chandrasekhar put the road network of Nagpur
city in very good condition
To Surat
Thane Landmark Development
Received Clean City Award from HUDCO
India for 1999-2000
Widened 133 city roads (195 kms) under the
IRDP
Used Bio-remediation process for cleaning
two main lakes transforming them from
dumping pools to scenic & beautiful picnic
spots
Beautification of junctions by providing
fountains, channelizers, green chowks,
illuminations etc.
Thane City
 Thane Landmark Development
(Cont)
Citys health solid waste management development
ensures cleanliness on roads, gutters & at the public
places etc.
Independent Pollution Control Department to check
air & water quality through its monitoring stations
Welcome Gates, Auditorium, swimming pools,
stadium, open grounds, gardens, high mast lighting
are some of the other areas where The TMC has
created landmarks
Maintaining and creating green cover. More then 3
lakhs have been planted with a survival rate of 90%
 Ujjain
One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and
the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there
every twelve years

Last Kumbh Mela was held at Ujjain in April, 2004

Location of
Kumbh Mela
 Event Management for April,
2004
At a time, for 6000 peoples on the ghats, with the
help of volunteers, each pilgrims took bath to six
minutes, meaning 250,000 took bath in one hour
For million peoples visited ujjain in 2004, artificial
long roads were created in 20 hectres of field near
the ghats for holding capacity of one million
With this plan, 1.4 million peoples were managed
at a time, and 5 million peoples were handled
during a day
Event Management for April, 2004
(Cont)
Arrangement was made in such a way that
individual pilgrim needs to walk at most one
kilometer and wait at most 2 hours
All of this was observed through closed circuit
video
In addition to all this, mass transit was arranged
so pilgrims can get to the major points of
interest in Ujjain itself after their bath
For big concern like Terrorism attack, 15000
police, thats an entire army division, including
25 commando teams were provided
 Solapur IRDP
MSRDC is executing works of construction of roads
and junction improvement under IRDP
The VIP road constructed as a model road
Plants which grow thick but not tall are provided to
avoid glare of headlights of incoming vehicles
Also flowering plants which grow tall particularly on
either side of the road for improved aesthetics are also
provided
Road Side Amenities
 Road Side Amenities

Footpath
Arboriculture
Landscaping
Benches, Shelters, Drinking Water
Toilets, Dust bins, etc.
 Footpath or Side Walks
Provided in urban areas when the vehicular as
well as pedestrian traffic are heavy, to provide
protection to pedestrians and to decrease
accidents
Side walks are generally provided on either side
of the road and the minimum width should be 1.5
m and the width may be increased based on the
pedestrian traffic volume
Provided with a surface as smooth as or even
smoother than the adjacent traffic lane as to
induce the pedestrian to keep on to the footpath
Typical Cross Section of Urban Road
 Arboriculture
Important aspects in road side development
Trees provided on both sides of urban and rural
road serve the following purposes:
To provide attractive landscape of road sides
To provide shade to the road users
To protect against moving sand in desert areas
To provide fruit bearing trees and timber
To intercept the annoying sound waves and fumes
from road vehicles
 Arboriculture (Cont)
In urban areas, the road side planting is mainly for
the beauty or the landscape and therefore, tests of
ornamental and flowering species are generally
preferred
On wide urban roads, the planting of shrubs is done
on the medians or separators besides providing
trees on road sides
It is desired that the crowns of the trees planted on
both sides of a road do not cover the complete
carriageway
 Landscaping
Landscape Planning is concerned with the
demographic, aesthetic, ecological and
functional aspects of land use

Includes architecture design, site planning,

estate development, environmental restoration,
park and recreation planning, and historic
preservation
 Principles of Landscaping
Should help to preserve pleasing and
aesthetically valuable features
The road should follow the natural terrain and
harmoniously blend with it
Medians and rotary islands should be provided
with flowering shrubs and plants
Turfing or shoulders and slopes should be
provided with flowering shrubs and plants
Typical Cross Section of Urban Road
with Footpath and Landscaping
Mumbai Pune Expressway
Mumbai Pune Expressway
Traffic Management
 Traffic Management
Objectives of traffic management are to make
productive use of road capacity and maximize
safety
It includes measures to manage the supply of
road space aimed at improving road capacity
and/or quality and/or safety
Seeks to adjust, adapt, manage and improve the
transport system to meet specified objectives
 Objectives of Traffic Management
Facilitate and enable travel of people with ease,
efficiency and safety
Optimize system capacity (road and operating
systems)
Maximize safety
Provide priority for public mass transport (bus)
system
Facilitate convenient and safe movement of
pedestrians and non-motorised vehicles
Minimize environmental pollution due to traffic
Traffic Management Techniques
Traffic circulation system
Traffic control system
Priority for public transport
Pedestrian facilities
Parking policy
Accident care and incident management
Installation of traffic signs and lane markings
Improved street lighting
Road pricing
 Traffic Circulation System
The master plan for road links is to be developed to
required lane widths as per estimated traffic volumes

The circulation system along them need to be re-

organized introducing one-ways, no way be mode
type by time period, turning movements restrictions
at intersections etc. to minimize conflicts, increase
capacity and maximize safety
 Traffic Control System
The directional movements of vehicles and
pedestrians need to be regulated
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) need to be
installed to regulate traffic based on real time flows
Control systems need to accord priority for public
transport modes
They must be enable easy, convenient and safe
movement of pedestrians
 Use of ITS
For ensuring safety
Using high resolution camera
Road side detectors
Variable message signs
For improving the transport facility
By providing real time arrival information system of
transit buses
Accident avoidance systems at turning points
Incident management systems
 High Resolution Camera

Intelligent Traffic Lights

 Priority for Public Mass Transport
High occupancy vehicles (HOVs), in particular
buses, need to be given priority

Objectives are to improve operational efficiency of

the bus system, reduce travel time to bus users,
promote modal shift to bus system, increase safety
and reduce environmental pollution
 Parking Facilities
In roadway transportation system, parking facilities
form the terminal
Parking facilities can be either on-street or off-street
On street: spaces near the sides of the roads where
vehicles are allowed to park
Off street: spaces away from the main thoroughfare
and connected to it through a service road
On-street Parking: Straight Parking

On-street Parking: Skew Parking

Off-street Parking
 Parking Demand
Generated by the land use pattern in the vicinity
This is an important variable as the average
duration of parking gives an idea as to how
frequently the same parking space can be used for
parking different vehicles
IRC:SP:12-1973 Recommendations:
For shops and markets, one parking space
should be provided for every 80 sq.m of floor
area
For apartment houses (flats), one parking space
for every two flats of 50 to 99 sq.m area
Traffic Control Devices
 Traffic Control Devices

Signs, including Variable Message Signs (VMS)

Signals
Markings
Street lighting
 Road signs
Proper road signs aid the drivers in reaching their
destinations safely and efficiently
Properly designated road signs improve safety by:
Instructing drivers on safe speeds
Informing drivers on impending changes in road
geometry
Reducing driver confusion through clear signs on
allowable traffic movement patterns
 Categories of Traffic signs
Regulatory signs: meant to inform the road users
of certain laws, regulations and prohibitions
Warning signs: used to warn the road users to
certain hazardous conditions that exist on or
adjacent to the roadway
Informatory signs: used to guide the road users
along routes, inform them of destination and
distance and provide with information to make
travel easier, safe and pleasant
 Variable Message Signs (VMS)
Traffic control devices used to provide motorists en-
route traveler information
The information is most often displayed in real-time
and can be controlled either from a remote centralized
location or locally at the site
designed to affect motorist behavior to improve traffic
flow and operations
The objective of providing the information is to allow
the motorist time to avoid an incident, prepare for
unavoidable conditions, or to give travel directions
VMS
Highway VMS
Urban Signs
 Traffic Signals
Control devices which could alternatively direct the
traffic to sop and proceed at intersections
Traffic control signals:
Fixed time signal
Manually operated signal
Smart Traffic Signals or technically Intelligent
Transportation systems can actually sense when
traffic volume are increasing and can adjust timing of
their lights accordingly
Pedestrian signal
Special traffic signal
Smart Traffic Signals
 Road/traffic Markings
Made of lines, patterns, words, symbols or
reflectors on the pavement, kerbs, sides of
islands or on the fixed objects within or near the
roadway
Also called special signs intended to control,
warn, guide or regulate the traffic
The markings are made using paints in contrast
with color and brightness of the pavement
Light reflecting paints are commonly used for
traffic markings
 Street Lighting
Street Lighting is an important way of increasing
road safety at night
It also improves the quality of life for residents by
deterring crime and making people more secure
For safe night driving, it may be considered as an
added facility to the road users
 Lighting Layouts
Single side lighting: economical to install, but
suitable only for narrow roads
Staggered lighting (both sides): adopted for wider
roads with three or more lanes
Central lighting: adopted for wider roads with three
or more lanes

Note: spacing of the lights is decided based on

location, lamp size, height of mounting
and lighting requirements
Spacing 30 to 60m

Single Side Lighting

Staggered Lighting

Central Lighting
Parking Management
 Parking Management
Includes a variety of strategies that encourage
more efficient use of existing parking facilities,
improve the quality of service provided to parking
facility users and improve parking facility design
Address a wide range of transportation problems,
and help achieve a variety of transportation, land
use development, economic, environmental
objectives. Specific Parking Management
strategies
 Parking Management Strategies
Shared parking: parking spaces are shared by
more than one user, allowing facilities to be used
more efficiently
Regulate parking facility use: More convenient and
visible parking spaces are managed and regulated
to give priority to higher-value trips, increase
efficiency and user convenience
Parking maximums: Establish maximum in
addition or instead of minimum parking standards
to avoid excessive parking supply
 Parking Management Strategies
(Cont)
Remote parking: Encouraging longer-term parkers
to use off-site or fringe parking facilities, so more
convenient spaces are available for priority users

Improving User Information and Marketing: Provide

convenient and accurate information on parking
availability and price, using maps, signs, brochures
and electronic communication
 Parking Management Strategies
(Cont)
Improved Walkability: Improve pedestrian conditions
to allow parkers to conveniently access more
parking facilities, increasing the functional supply in
an area
Increase Capacity of Existing Parking Facilities:
More parking spaces can sometimes be provided
by using currently wasted space, sizing spaces for
smaller vehicles and motorcycles, and using car
stackers
 Parking Management Strategies
(Cont)
Parking pricing: Charge motorists directly for using
parking facilities, and set fees to encourage
efficient use of parking facilities

Parking Facility Design and Management:

Improved parking facility design to address safety,
stormwater management, user comfort, security
and aesthetic objectives
 Typical Traffic Management Practices
Large City Small City Town/Suburb
Commercial center, on- Priced: high hourly rates Priced: medium rates Regulation: 1-3 hour time
street Regulation: some loading Regulation: 1-2 hour time limit
spaces with short time limit
limits
Commercial center, Priced: high hourly, daily Priced: medium hourly, Priced: low monthly rates
Public off-street and monthly rates daily and monthly rates Regulation: 2-3 hour time
Regulation: sometimes 1 limit
hour free to customers
Commercial center, Priced: High daily and Priced: Medium daily and Priced: low monthly rates
Private off-street monthly rates monthly rates Regulation: free to
Regulation: free to customers and employees
qualifying customers and
employees
Near commercial center, Regulation: 1-3 hour Regulation: 1-4 hour Unregulated
On-street

Residential Regulation: Residents Unregulated Unregulated

Neighborhood, On-street only, which may involve
permits
Near special attractions Regulation: Residents Regulation: Residents Regulation: Residents
(schools, parks, only, Special only, Special only, Special
theatres, etc management and management and management and
enforcement during busy enforcement during busy enforcement during busy
time periods time periods time periods
Conclusion
 Conclusion
For event which is going to happen in Nanded
in 2008
Identify the corridors which is leading to the centre of
major events
Increase the capacity of these corridors by widening
the roads based on expected traffic and with proper
geometric design
Do proper parking management with increasing
capacity the existing parking facilities and also provide
new parking facilities by considering parking demand
 Conclusion (Cont)
Provide suitable traffic controlling devices to control,
regulate, and guide traffic and pedestrians
Wherever possible, provide variable message signs
(VMS) at important locations
Provide facilities like benches, shelters, drinking
water, toilets, dust bins, etc. for the pilgrims who
are visiting the event
Also to take care of terrorist attack, adequate police
force should be provided along with commando teams
(can take help from army divisions)
References
 References
IRC:93-1985 Guidelines on Design and Installation of
Road Traffic Signals
IRC:SP:32-1988 Road Safety for Children
IRC:SP:44-1994 Highway Safety Code
MORT&H Manual for Safety in Road Design
IRC:67-2001 Code of Practice for Road Signs
IRC:79-1981 Recommended Practice for Road
Delineators
 References
IRC:SP:31-1992 New Traffic Signs
IRC:30-1968 Standard Letters and Numerals of
Different Heights for Use on Highway Signs
IRC:35-1997 Code of Practice for Road Markings
(with paints)
IRC:SP:43-1994 Guidelines on Low-Cost Traffic
Management Technique for Urban Areas
IRC:11-1962 Recommended Practice for the Design
and Layout of Bicycles
 References
IRC:99-1988 Tentative Guidelines on the Provision of
Speed Breakers for Control of Vehicular Speeds on
Minor roads
IRC:103-1988 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities
IRC:SP:12-1973 Tentative Recommendations on the
Provision of Parking Spaces for Urban Areas
 Thank You

Transportation Systems Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Bombay