COURSE OBJECTIVES
description,
Unit VI
Unit V
classification, Unit IV
naming and
Unit III
correlation.
Fundamentals of Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic Relationships
Geochronology- Vs Chrono-stratigraphy
Geochronology is the science that deals with
and classifies the geologic time.
Geologic time is the millions of years that
have passed since the creation of the Earth
Chronostratigraphy is the science that deals
with and classifies all materials and events that
occurred and recorded in the different geologic
time intervals since the formation of the Earth
Fundamentals of Stratigraphy
Geochronologic units: geologic time is divided
and assigned into units that can be expressed
either numerically by years or by special ranks of
names.
Assignment by years:
1- Date: is the precise or defined year of the
event, and expressed by:
1.1 Ma for millions of Yr., or
1.2 Ka for thousands of Yr., or
1.3 Ga for thousands of millions of Yr.
Ex. The Gulf of Suez started rifting since Ma 23
from past., and ceased rifting since Ma 5 from
Fundamentals of Stratigraphy
Assignment by years:
Ex. The Pliocene rocks started deposition since
Ma 5 from past
2- An interval is the span of time that is
spent from staring and ending dates of a
certain geologic event and expressed by
symbols: my or m.y. or m.yr. Ex. The Gulf of
Suez rifting spent 18my
Assignment by names and ranks:
Geologic time is divided into named
ranks based on the duration of time
spent (time interval).
Fundamentals of Stratigraphy
Assignment by names and ranks:
These named ranks include in descending order:
Super-Group
Group
Sub-Group Group
Formation
member
Lens and tongue
Bed
Litho-Stratigraphy
2- A member is the formal lithostratigraphic unit next
in rank below a formation and is always a part of a
formation.
A member may have a lateral extent being less than that of its
parent formation or extends from one formation to another.
Litho-Stratigraphy
Members
Litho-Stratigraphy
TYPE AREA.
(TYPE
REGION). The
geographic area
that
encompasses
the stratotype
of a
stratigraphic
unit or
stratigraphic
boundary.
Litho-Stratigraphy
Lithostratigraphic nomenclature
Formal nomenclature
Ideally, the name of a lithostratigraphic unit
should have three components up of:
a geographic name, lithology and standard
hierarchical term, ex Esna Shale Formation.
In practice, most lithostratigraphic units are
refereed to by two part names; geographic
and rank or lithologies,
1- Thebes Formation 2- Sudr Chalk
Litho-Stratigraphy
Lithostratigraphic nomenclature
Formal nomenclature