Kes
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Include:
Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Infraorbital
Zygomatic
Buccal
oral
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Tulang Kepala terdiri
atas
Neurocranium (8 buah),
menutupi rongga otak
(cavum cranii).
Viscerocranium (14
buah), melindungi jalan
masuk sistem
pernafasan &
pencernaan.
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Bones form the basic underlying structure of the
stomatognathic system.
The maxilla and mandible are the bones that hold the
teeth, while the temporal bone is the site of the
mandible’s articulation with the skull.
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
•Maxilla & mandible are derived
from 1st pharyngeal arch.
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The mandible forms the lower part of our face. It is
suspended from the skull by muscles, ligaments and
soft tissues, and doesn’t itself attach bone-to-bone to
the maxilla, but hangs in space.
U-shaped bone, contains mandibular teeth in alveolar
process.
Suspended from skull by muscles & ligaments.
Major structural parts- condyle, coronoid process,
ramus, angle, alveolar process, mental protuberance.
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Composes most of upper part of face &
contains maxillary teeth.
Fused to skull & hence non-mobile.
Major intra-oral parts- alveolar process,
palatal process, incisive foramen, mid-palatal
suture, maxillary tuberosity.
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Part of the skull
with which the
mandible articulates.
Condyle articulates
with concave
mandibular fossa.
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Disebut dengan SUTURA
Jaringan ikat fibrosa
Jumlah banyak, wajib hanya 4 sutura :
Sutura lamdoidea
Sutura coranaria
Sutura sagitalis
Sutura squamosa
Bayi, Fontanela (ubun 2x) : jaringan ikat antara 2 /
>tulang cranium.
Fontanela occipitale, sphenoidale, mastoide : 1-2 bln
stlh lahir tutup.
Fontanela frontale : 2 tahun tutup
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Skin
Connective
tissue
Apponeurosis
Loose conective
tissue
Pericranium
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Skin
The skin of the scalp is thick and hair bearing and contains numerous
sebaceous glands. As a result, the scalp is a common site for sebaceous
cysts.
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Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
thin, tendinous structure
insertion site for the occipitofrontalis muscle
Loose areolar tissue
Areolar tissue loosely
connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the pericranium
allows the superficial 3 layers of the scalp to move over the
pericranium.
emissary veins traverse this layer, which connects the scalp veins to
the diploic veins and intracranial venous sinuses.
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Pericranium
The pericranium is the periosteum of the skull
bones. Along the suture lines, the
pericranium becomes continuous with the
endosteum. A subperiosteal hematoma,
therefore, forms in the shape of the skull
bones.
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1. Dura mater, epidural , subdural
2. Arachnoidea mater /membran and subarachnoid spaces
/spatium
3. Pia mater
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Ophthalmic division (CN V.1)
▪ Supratrochlear
▪ Supraorbital
▪ Lacrimal
▪ Infratrochlear
▪ External nasal
Maxillary nerve (CN V.2)
▪ Infraorbital
▪ Zygomaticofacial and
zygomaticotemporal
Mandibular nerve (CN V.3)
▪ Auriculotemporal
▪ Buccal nerve
▪ Mental
Skin over the mandibular
angle is supplied by ant.
Div. Of greater auricular
nerve Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Nc. Mesencephalic :
Sensasi propioseptif dari ocular, facial, dan bulbar
muscles
Nc. Sensori principalis:
Sensasi Raba/ Touch dari Wajah, bola mata, seluruh
membrane mukosa di kepala
Nc. Spinalis
Sensasi Nyeri dan Suhu dari kulit wajah, bola mata,
membran mukosa di kepala (Sinus, Nasal, oral,
orbita)
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Kelompok otot Ekspresi wajah (Nc.VII) Kelompok otot Mastikasi (Nc.V.3
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
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Medial & lateral pterygoid muscles
Branches of mandibular nerve
Otic ganglion
Chorda tympani
Maxillary artery
Pterygoid venous plexus
Inferior part of temporal muscle
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Type – Synovial Joint
▪ Articulation between mandibular condylar process
and temporal bone
▪ Ginglymoarthrodial joint- allows hinging and gliding
motions.
▪ Articular disc separates the 2 bones
Concave on both superior and inferior surfaces
allowing for smooth articulation between 2 bones
Disc injury – locking/catching with opening and
closing of mouth
▪ Mandibular condyle glides forward as mouth opens
Actions/Purpose:
▪ Speaking
▪ Mastication Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Condyle, articular disc & mandibular fossa
surrounded by soft tissue attachments.
Attachments aid in structure of joint,
positioning and function of joint
components.
It consist of ligamentous attachments,
elastic and collagenous connective tissue
attachments and muscle attachment .
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Bands of non-elastic collagenous tissue.
Function to passively limit range of movement
& protect joint structures.
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5 ligaments associated with TMJ
3 functional, 2 accessory
Functional:
Collateral (discal) ligaments
Capsular ligament
Temporomandibular ligament
Accessory:
Sphenomandibular
Stylomandibular
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2 collateral ligaments- Medial
& lateral.
Stiff, collagenous connective
tissue.
Divide TMJ mediolaterally
into superior & inferior joint
cavities.
Help keep disc positioned on
condyle, allow anterior-
posterior rotational movement.
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Surrounds entire TMJ.
Runs from neck of
condyle to temporal
bone & articular
eminence, surrounds
mandibular fossa, 360
degrees around.
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Functions:
Prevent
dislocation of
articulating
surfaces.
Proprioception.
Contains synovial
lining – produces
synovial fluid.
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Outer Oblique Portion
articular eminence to neck of
condyle
limits opening of mouth
influences nature of opening
movement
Inner Horizontal Portion
articular eminence to head of
condyle & disc
limits posterior movement
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Sphenomandibular Ligament
Medial view
sphenoid bone to lingula.
non-functional
Stylomandibular Ligament
styloid process to angle of
mandible
limits protrusive
movement
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
TMJ is divided into 2
distinct joint cavities by
articular disc and ligaments:
Superior joint cavity
Between articular disc &
mandibular fossa
Responsible for gliding
movements
Inferior joint cavity
Space between articular disc &
condyle
Responsible for hinging
movements
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Joint capsule lined by specialized endothelial
cells- synovial lining.
Produces synovial fluid, fills both joint
cavities.
Function- lubrication & metabolism.
2 mechanisms- boundary lubrication &
weeping lubrication.
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Blood supply-
Branches from
superficial temporal and
maxillary arteries. Veins
follows arteries.
Nerve supply-
Auriculotemporal nerve
and massetric nerve.
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Depression of the mandible: opening mouth
Elevation of the mandible: closing mouth)
Protrusion of the chin
Retraction of the chin
Lateral movement: grinding and chewing
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Masseter .
Temporalis.
Medial pterygoid.
Lateral pterygoid.
Hyoid muscles.
Auxillary oral muscles.
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Depression- Lateral pterygoid (mainly)
Digastric, geniohyoid and mylohoid muscles
help when the mouth is open wide or against
resistance.
Elevation - Masseter
- Temporalis
- Medial pterygoid (both sides)
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Protrusion – Lateral & medial pterygoids.
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The muscles of mastication are the primary functional
muscles that perform the majority of mandibular
movements.
The suprahyoid group contains the muscles responsible
for mouth opening, along with others ,
The infrahyoids, help to co-ordinate mandibular
function.
The posterior neck musculature is active in stabilizing
and balancing the head, allowing the other muscles to
work together to perform the many complicated
movements that are possible.
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Superficial portion-
Origin-anterior 2/3rd of zygomatic arch.
Insertion-coronoid process,ramus and angle of
mandible.
Function-powerful elevator
Deep portion-
Origin-medial surface of zygomatic arch
Insertion-coronoid process,ramus & angle of
mandible.
Function- elevation & retrusion.
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Origin :
Medial surface of lateral
pterygoid plate.
Insertion :
Medial surface of the angle
of the mandible.
Function :
Elevation & protrusion.
Medial pterygoid
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
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Anterior portion-
Origin : anterior temporal fossa
Insertion : coronoid process
Function : elevation Temporalis
Middle portion- muscle
Origin : Mid temporal fossa
Insertion : coronoid process
Function : elevation & retraction
Posterior portion-
Origin : posterior temporal fossa
Insertion : coronoid process
Function : retrusion
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Inferior head of lateral pterygoid
Origin:lateral surface of lateral
pterygoid plate.
Insertion:neck of condyle.
Function : protrusion
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Mandibular
division of
trigeminal nerve
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Blood supply to
muscles of mastication-
Maxillary
Artery
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Exocrine gland
Collectively produce and secrete saliva.
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Three pairs of large,
multicellular salivary
glands:
parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
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Largest salivary glands.
Each parotid gland is located anterior and inferior to the ear,
partially overlying the masseter muscle.
Produce about 25–30% of the saliva, which is conducted
through the parotid duct to the oral cavity.
Duct is opening into maxilary 2nd mollar
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Inferior to the body of the mandible.
Produce most of the saliva (about 60–70%).
A duct opens from each gland through a papilla in the floor
of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum.
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Inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa.
Each gland extends multiple tiny sublingual ducts that open
onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, posterior to the
submandibular duct papilla.
Contribute only about 3–5% of the total saliva.
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Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
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An accessory digestive organ that is formed from
skeletal muscle and covered with lightly keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium.
Helps compress the partially digested materials
against the palate to turn these materials into a
bolus › a globular mass of partially digested
material
Performs important functions in swallowing.
Skeletal muscles move the tongue.
Wendra/PSKG/Anatomi/2017
Anterior two-third
Apex
Body (corpus)
Dorsal
Floor
Posterior third
Root (radix)
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Posterior third Anterior two-third
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Muscles of Expression:
Action Origin
Muscle Insertion Innervation
Buccinator Depresses the Alveolar process Angle of mouth Facial
cheeks of maxilla and
mandible
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Muscles of Expression:
Action Origin
Muscle Insertion Innervation
Mentalis Elevates the Incisive fossa of Point of the Facial
skin of the chin the mandible mandible
Mylohyoid Opens the Inferior border Superior aspect Trigeminal
mouth of the mandible of hyoid bone
Orbicularis Oris “Puckers” the Originates off of Skin Facial
lips the muscles surrounding the
surrounding the lips
mouth