RURAL

INFRASTRUCTURE
FACILITIES
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
•INFRASTRUCTURE IS BASIC PHYSICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURES NEEDED FOR THE OPERATION OF A SOCIETY OR THE
SERVICES AND FACILITIES NECESSARY FOR AN ECONOMY TO
FUNCTION.
•THE TERM TYPICALLY REFERS TO THE TECHNICAL STRUCTURES THAT
SUPPORT A SOCIETY, SUCH AS ROADS, WATER SUPPLY, SEWERS,
ELECTRICAL GRIDS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS.
•IT CAN BE DEFINED AS "THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF
INTERRELATED SYSTEMS PROVIDING COMMODITIES AND SERVICES
ESSENTIAL TO ENABLE, SUSTAIN, OR ENHANCE SOCIETAL LIVING
CONDITIONS.”
•RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE COMPRISES RURAL ROADS,
•RURAL HOUSING AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION. RURAL ROAD
CONNECTIVITY IS AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT ASPECT OF RURAL
•A CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME HAS BEEN LAUNCHED CALLED THE
DEVELOPMENT.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA (PMGSY) WHICH SEEKS TO
•PROVIDE CONNECTIVITY ALL UNCONNECTED HABITATIONS IN RURAL
AREAS WITH A POPULATION OF MORE THAN 500 PERSONS THROUGH
GOOD ALL-WEATHER ROADS BY THE END OF THE TENTH PLAN PERIOD.
•IN RESPECT OF HILL STATES AND DESERT AREAS,
• THE OBJECTIVE WOULD BE TO CONNECT HABITATIONS WITH
POPULATION OF 250 PERSONS AND ABOVE. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THE
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME, A REQUIREMENT OF RS.60,000 CRORE
HAS BEEN ESTIMATED.
• THE AVAILABLE SOURCE OF FUNDS, FOR THE PRESENT, IS THE 50
PERCENT SHARE OF THE CESS ON HIGH SPEED DIESEL(HSD), AMOUNTING
TO APPROXIMATELY RS.2500 CRORE PER ANNUM. FOR THE YEAR 2001-02,
A SUM OF RS.2500 CRORE HAS BEEN EARMARKED FOR THE PMGSY.
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
•PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR RS.4273CRORE PERTAINING TO 26 STATES AND
TWO UNION TERRITORIES HAVE BEEN CLEARED.
• PROJECTS WORTH TWICE THE AMOUNT OF ALLOCATION HAVE BEEN
CLEARED DURING THE CURRENT YEAR.
•ACTUAL RELEASE IN 2001-02 WOULD BE LIMITED TO THIS YEAR.
• ALLOCATION AND NEXT YEAR.S RELEASES WILL BE MADE FROM APRIL
2002 ONWARDS DEPENDING ON THE PROGRESS OF THE WORKS
•ACCORDING TO THE 1991 CENSUS AROUND 3.1 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS ARE
WITHOUT SHELTER AND ANOTHER 10.31 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS RESIDE IN
UNSERVICEABLE KUTCHA HOUSES. CONSIDERING

•GOVERNMENT IS COMMITTED TO THE GOAL OF ENSURING SHELTER FOR

ALL BY THE END OF TENTH PLAN PERIOD
•. FOR ACHIEVING THESE OBJECTIVES A COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN
FOR RURAL HOUSING HAS BEEN PREPARED.
• THE OBJECTIVE OF THE INDIRA GANDHI AWAS YOJNA (IAY) IS TO PROVIDE
ASSISTANCE TO THE BELOW POVERTY LINE HOUSEHOLDS (BPL) BELONGING
TO SCHEDULED CASTE, SCHEDULED TRIBE, AND FREE BONDED LABOR
CATEGORIES.
• THE CENTRAL ASSISTANCE UNDER THE IAY FOR 2001- 02 IS RS 1618
CRORE FOR CONSTRUCTION/UP GRADATION OF 1.3 MILLION HOUSES. SO

FAR AN AMOUNT OF RS 1098 CRORE HAS BEEN RELEASED DURING 2001-02 .

THE PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMODYA YOJANA IS PART OF THE
COMPHRENSIVE PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMODYA YOJANA INTRODUCED
DURING 2000-01
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
•DURING 2001-02, RS 280 CRORE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FOR
IMPLEMENTING THE RURAL SHELTER. COMPONENT OF PMGY.
•AN AMOUNT OF RS 126 CRORE HAS BEEN RELEASED SO FAR
DURING 2001-02.
• TO MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF EWS AND LIG GROUPS IN RURAL
AREAS AND TO IMPROVE THE OUTREACH OF HOUSING FINANCE IN
RURAL AREAS THE EQUITY SUPPORT TO HUDCO HAS BEEN
INCREASED FROM 5 CRORES TO 355 CRORE DURING THE NINTH FIVE
YEAR PLAN.
•THE ENTIRE AMOUNT OF 350 CRORE HAS BEEN RELEASED. 9.96 AT
PRESENT, THERE ARE ABOUT 80,000 VILLAGES WHICH STILL REMAIN
TO BE ELECTRIFIED AND WHICH ARE CONCENTRATED IN NINE
STATES. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE. THE NATIONAL GOAL. DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION BASIS
•THE NATIONAL GOAL OF VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION BY 2007, VILLAGE
ELECTRIFICATION HAS NOW BEEN INCLUDED UNDER PRADHAN MANTRI
GRAMODAYA YOJANA (PMGY) AS BASIC MINIMUM SERVICE FOR 2001-02. UNDER
THE SCHEME,
•AN ALLOCATION OF RS.418.59 CRORE HAS BEEN MADE TO THE STATES FOR
CARRYING OUT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION. THE STATES HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO
ALLOCATE ADDITIONAL FUNDS AVAILABLE UNDER DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF
PMGY.
 Rural infrastructure facilities

•Rural infrastructure is crucial for agriculture, agro-industries and

overall economic development of rural areas.
•It also, incidentally, provides basic amenities that improve the
quality of life
•Rural development has remained an essential focus of India’s
economic policy
•Rural infrastructure development started with the irrigation
sector and later extended to rural electrification
•majority of India’s poor lives and works in its villages.
• Rural development is seen as a catalyst for economic
transformation.
•The strategy focuses on,
•improving agricultural productivity;
• promoting the production exportation of non-traditional
products
•generating gainful employment and increasing output of
small-scale enterprises.

•Infrastructure is the key- transforming fast-growing agro-

industrial economy.
•Construction of rural roads,
•electricity distribution facilities,
•telecommunication networks can provide the rural poor
with access to a vast range of economically gainful activities
and markets.
 •Provision of adequate and quality infrastructure in rural areas is necessary for increasing the
productivity and efficiency ,it makes a direct attack on minimizing the incidence of rural
poverty

RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES

•R O A D S

•H O U S I N G

•S E L F EMPLOYMENT

•W A T E R

•L A N D R E F O R M S

•S A N I T A T I O N

•I R R I G A T I O N

•W A G E E M P L O Y M E N T
ROADS

• key component of rural development,

•since it promotes access to economic and social services,
•thereby generating increased agricultural productivity,
•non-agriculture employment and productivity, which in turn
expands rural growth opportunities and real income through
which poverty can be reduced.
• Rural roads expansion ,
(i) by reducing transportation cost and time
improves access to markets;
(ii) raises productivity through better access to
agricultural inputs and extensions; and
(iii) creates better conditions for generating off-
farm employment opportunities
HOUSING

•Yet housing is essential for the well-being and social

security of rural households.
• Compared to urban areas, rural areas suffer more
from the concentration of deprivation.
•With incomes generally lower than the urban areas
and seasonal unemployment, many households find it
difficult to gain ownership of homes.
•This has implications for social sustainability of
rural communities and is causing increased
polarization as younger people migrate to the urban
areas in search of jobs leaving behind their old folk
and children resulting in negative impact on rural
enterprise and economic viability.
IRRIGATION

•Role played by agriculture in low- and middle-income

countries,
•Agriculture- main generator of economic activity and
employment in rural areas.

•Irrigation is the single most important factor in increasing

agricultural intensification and productivity
•I t can dramatically
increase food availability, income, investments in
rural infrastructure,
•lead to unprecedented growth in rural economies.
•There has been very little investment in developing
countries in irrigation infrastructure,
•However, as it is costly to build and expensive to maintain.
•Traditionally, irrigation systems have been built using large,
top-down public funding programs that involve little or no
participation by individual farmers. Many of these schemes
have resulted in overly ambitious.

DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

•Has strongly interlinked with rural development and growth

• displays direct, positive results for human health and well-
being, especially for women and children.
•Women tend to benefit from the reduced drudgery and
improved quality of life .
•Thus, effective policy attention to the drinking water
sector has the singular positive distinction of being biased
towards women and girls.
•Sanitation facilities improve the health of rural
inhabitants and their quality of life. The rural
environment also benefits from better drainage and
waste management practices.

LAND REFORMS

• Competing uses of land for forestry, agriculture,

pastures, human settlements, and industries exert
pressure on the finite
•Land resource influencing land-use patterns causing
degradation.
•It is important from the management perspective to view
land, forests, pastures, and biodiversity as an integrated
resource given that they are intertwined in complex ways.
•There should be a proper management in the land use for
residential , agricultural, non agricultural activities

SELF EMPLOYMENT

• To better balance supply and demand on the labour

market, a government programme on employment was
developed for the period 1989-2002.
• The programme provides for the creation of additional
jobs across the country.
•However, despite considerable differences between
urban and rural employment trends, the programme does
not contain separate provisions for urban and rural areas,
nor does it distinguish between men and women.
•In rural areas, 79.4% women are mainly working as cultivators and agriculture labourers. In urban areas, 34.6%
of women are working in other services such as Public Administration, Education & Community Services, etc.
ELECTRIFICATION
•It would not be out of place to re-emphasize that the
scaled up objective of rural electrification at the
household level is the cornerstone of India’s economic
growth as it enables basic minimum facilities of lighting
and communication.
• Viable and reliable electricity services result in
increased productivity in agriculture and labor,
improvement in the delivery
•of health and education, access to communications
improved lighting after sunset, the use of time and
energy-saving mills, motors, and pumps, and increased
public safety through outdoor lighting.
• Thus, providing electricity to village households is a
means to help meet the aspirations of the rural
population.