Why are measuring

instruments important?
 Course Description: Part A
• Instrumentation Engineering Terms,
• Errors of measurement,
• Moving coil instruments,
• Moving iron instruments,
• Electrodynamic instruments:
• VAR meter
• Power Factor Meter
• Measurement of resistance.
 Course assessment:
• Mid Term Exam: 20 Marks
• Class Work: 20Marks
• LAB Work: 20 Marks
• Practical Exam: 20 Marks
• Final Exam: 120 Marks
Instrumentation
Engineering
Terms
Readability:
 Readability:
It is the degree of closeness of
scale deviations i.e
The instrument with large scale
have a higher readability
than the
instrument with small scale.
 Resolution:

High Resolution Low Resolution

Resolution:
 Resolution:
• It is the smallest difference
between two indications
on the instrument scale
Or
• It is the smallest increment or
step that can be taken or seen.
 Sensitivity:
• It is the ratio of linear movement of the
pointer on the scale to
• the energizing quantity to be measured.
 Sensitivity:

The sensitivity of the instrument

should be as high as possible
High Sensitivity means
low power consumption
 Precision:
•It is the ability of an
instrument to give
•the same reading
•for the same quantity.
Precision

Low precision

High precision
 Calibration:
•It is the process of
comparing
•the test instrument
• with the standard one.
 Error :
•Error is the deviation of
•the measured value from
the true value.
Error = X -X
measured true
 Accuracy:
• It is defined as the deviation in the
measured value from the true value

The smaller error, the better accuracy.

Accuracy
Accuracy:

Low accuracy

High accuracy
 Accuracy:
• Accuracy is usually given in
percentage.
• According to the percentage error
(Range of Uncertainty)
• the grade of the instruments
• Are classified as follow:
Grade of the Instruments

percent error Inst. grade

0.25% Standard
0.5% Sub-Standard

1% First grade
2% Second grade
 Standard instrument :
• percentage error is 0.25%.
• It used for calibration purpose
 Sub-Standard instrument :
• percentage error is 0.5%. It used for
• calibration purpose
• laboratory measurements
 First grade instrument
• percentage error is 1%. It used for
• industrial measurement which require
no great accuracy .
 Second grade instrument
•percentage error is 2%.
•It used for
•Workshop measurement
which require no great
accuracy .
What’s the difference between
precision and accuracy?
 Complete the following:
•Precision is how close a measurement comes to ………………
•Accuracy is how close a measurement comes to ……………….
 What’s the difference between
precision and accuracy?

•Precision is how close a measurement

comes to another measurement.
•Accuracy is how close a measurement
comes to the truth.
THE Difference Between Precision
and Accuracy