IGCSE MATHEMATICS (0580)

TRIGONOMETRY
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• Introduction
• Right angle triangles
• Different types of triangles
− With respect to sides
− With respect to angle
• Pythagoras theorem
• Trigonometric ratios
− Sine
− Cosine
− Tangent
• Sine rule and Cosine rule
• Angle of elevation and depression
• Bearing
INTRODUCTION

• The word “TRIGONOMETRY” is derived from

Greek words trigonon (three angles) and metron
(measure).
• Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that
deals with triangles, mostly right triangles. In
particular it deals with the relationship between
the sides and the angles of a triangles, that is
done on the basis of trigonometric ratios.
Right Triangle
• A triangle in which one angle A
is equal to 90 degrees is
known as right triangle (right
angle triangle)
• The side opposite to the right HYPOTENUSE
angle is known as
hypotenuse, which is also the
longest side of a triangle.
• Trigonometry deals with right
triangles B C
TYPES OF TRIANGLES
TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

• Pythagoras theorem states that for all right-

angled triangles, 'The square on the hypotenuse
is equal to the sum of the squares on the other
two sides'. The hypotenuse is the longest side
and it's always opposite the right angle.
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

• In any right-angled triangle, the square of the

hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of
the other two sides.
i.e.: c² = a² + b² in the following diagram:
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
THE SINE AND COSINE RULE

• Trigonometry is used when we want to calculate

angles in right-angled triangles. But what do we
do when we are not given a right-angled
triangle? How do we calculate lengths and
angles in non-right-angled triangles? In those
cases we use the Sine and Cosine rule (which
are actually still based upon the trigonometric
ratios in right-angled triangles).
THE SINE AND COSINE RULE
SINE RULE

• You can only use the Sine Rule if you have a

“matching pair”.
• You have to know one angle, and the side
opposite it.
• Then if you have just one other side or angle,
you can use the Sine Rule to find any of the
other angles or sides
SINE RULE
SINE RULE
SINE RULE
COSINE RULE

• The cosine rule, relates all 3 sides of

a triangle with an angle of a triangle.
• It is most useful for solving for missing
information in a triangle. For example, if all three
sides of the triangle are known, the cosine rule
allows one to find any of the angle measures.
Similarly, if two sides and the angle between
them is known, the cosine rule allows one to find
the third side length.
COSINE RULE
COSINE RULE
COSINE RULE
COSINE RULE
Angle of Elevation and Depression
Angle of Elevation
Angle of Depression
QUESTION AND ANSWER
QUESTION AND ANSWER
BEARING

• A bearing is an angle, measured clockwise from

the north direction. Below, the bearing of B from
A is 025 degrees (note 3 figures are always
given). The bearing of A from B is 205 degrees.
BEARING
Thank You Very Much for
Watching
Made by: Hamza Javed