Enterobacteriaceae

Wilda Mahdani
Mikrobiologi Klinik FK-USK, RSUDZA
 Famili Enterobacteriaceae
• Batang Gram negatif, tidak berspora, fakultatif
anaerob
• Free living : tanah, air
buah2an, sayuran, biji2an,
tumbuhan, cacing, serangga, (usus)
hewan danmanusia
 Famili Enterobacteriaceae
• Morfologi : 0,3 – 1,8 u, single, flagella + / -
• Pertumbuhan : suhu optimum 37oC
• Biokimia : fermentatif / respiratif
memecah glukosa
mereduksi nitrat
oksidase -, katalase +
 Famili Enterobacteriaceae
• Diferensiasi dari famili lain didasarkan pada :

* morfologi : ukuran, bentuk (rounded

end), flagella (peritrichous)
* pewarnaan Gram
* pertumbuhan : koloni, kebutuhan nutrisi
* sifat biokimia
* patogenitas
 Klassifikasi Bergey (1974)
• Tribe I Escherichieae : Escherichia, Shiegella,
Edwardsiella, Salmonella, Citrobacter
• Tribe II Klebsiella : Klebsiella, Enterobacter,
Hafnia, Serratia
• Tribe III Proteae : Proteus, Morganella,
Providencia
• Tribe IV Yersinieae : Yersinia
• Tribe V Erwinieae : Erwinia
 Pembagian Famili Enterobacteriaceae
berdasarkan kemampuan meragi laktosa :

• Lactose Fermenters

• Nonlactose Fermenters
Mac Conkey Media
 Pembagian Enterobacteriaceae :

• True pathogen Enterobacteriaceae

• Opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae
 ENTERIC PATHOGEN :  Enterobacteriaceae
Gastrointestinal disease

Salmonella

Shigella

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Yersinia
 SIFAT BIOKIMIA :

Produksi energi :
Fermentasi karbohidrat (Anaerob / O2 )
Siklus TCA & sistem transpor elektron (O2 cukup)
Meragi glukosa  asam (mixed acid pathway), kecuali
Klebsiella (Butanediol fermentative pathway)
Reduksi nitrat  nitrit
 PERBENIHAN :

• Media nondiferensial / non selektif : tidak dapat

dibedakan

• Koloni : moist, smooth – rough, gray

• Hemolisa - / + (tipe )

• Media diferensial & selektif

 MEDIA UNTUK ISOLASI KUMAN ENTERIK

Media diferensial :
– Mac Conkey agar
– Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB)
– Desoxycholate agar

Media selektif :
– Salmonella – Shigella agar
– Desoxycholate citrate agar
– Hektoen enteric agar
– Xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar
Salmonella Shigella Agar (SS)
 DAYA TAHAN :

Rusak :
• Panas
• Germisida & Desinfektan [ ] 
– Bakterisidal :
• Phenol
• Formaldehid
• -glutaraldehid
• Halogen
– Bakteriostatik :
• Quaternary ammonium compound
 PENYAKIT

UTI

Wound infections

Pneumonia

Meningitis

Sepsis

Beberapa gangguan gastrointestinal

 Identifikasi
Media TSI (Triple Sugar Iron) agar

Uji biokimia :
• Indole
• Methyl red
• Voges-Prouskauer reaction
• Urea
• Simmon’s Citrate agar
 Identification

• Triple sugar iron agar

0.1% glucose
1% lactose
1% sucrose
Ferrous sulfate
pH indicator: phenol red
Triple Sugar Iron
Agar
TSI Media
Indol Test
Indole Test
Methyl Red/Voges Proskauer (MR/VP)
Media dan Reagen
◦ Glucose Broth
◦ Methyl Red indicator for acid
◦ Voges Proskauer reagents—A: 5% Alpha-Naphthol, &
ethanol, B: Potassium Hydroxide, & Deionized Water.
Cara inokulasi kuman pada 2 media cair
glukosa. Inkubasi 48 jam. Tetes masing2 MR dan VP
◦ MR—tests for acid end products from glucose
fermentation.
◦ VP—tests for acetoin production from glucose
fermentation.
 MR/VP continued
• Reading Results:
– MR— a + result is red (indicating pH below 6) and a – result is yellow
(indicating no acid production)
– VP—A + result is red after VP reagents are added (indicating the presence of
acetoin) and a – result is no color change.

Methyl Red: left – and right + VP: left + and right –

MR Test
VP test
 Motility
Deteksi pergerakan bakteri

Media semisolid

Indikator Tetrazolium (TTC)

Tusuk media semisolid dengan needle

 Motility

From left to right:

+ – +
Motility Medium
 Citrate

Cara inokulasi kuman pada slant

Media and Reagents Used: Simmon’s Citrate Agar
contains sodium citrate (carbon source), ammonium
ion (nitrogen source), & pH indicator—bromthymol
blue.
Hasil
Bila kuman dapat memetabolisme sitrat, maka
media akan menjadi biru
 Citrate

Left positive and right negative.

Simmon’s Citrate Agar Media
 Urease Test

H2O
Urea CO2 + NH3 NH4+ + OH-
Enterotube
Microbact
Enterobacteriaceae
E.coli
 Enterobacteriaceae

Klebsiella pneumoniae
 Enterobacteriaceae

Serratia marcescens
Salmonella
Enterobacteriaceae

Proteus mirabilis

Profil Biokimia

Koloni
Sekian