vs.
Puritans
Puritanism
Calvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion
Predestination.
• Good works could not save those predestined
for hell.
• No one could be certain of their spiritual
status.
• Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking
signs of “conversion.”
Puritans:
Want to totally reform [purify] the Church
of England.
Grew impatient with the slow process of
Protestant Reformation back in England.
Separatists
Separatist Beliefs:
Puritans who believed only “visible
saints” [those who could demonstrate in
front of their fellow Puritans their
elect status] should be admitted to
church membership.
Because the Church of England enrolled
all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt
they had to share churches with the
“damned.”
Therefore, they believed in a total
break from the Church of England.
James I (1603 - 1625)
•James I was the son of Mary, Queen of
Scots. He had become James VI of
Scotland after Mary lost her head, and he
became James I when he took over
England.
•He was the first to call himself "King of
Great Britain." James struggled with
Parliament - he thought he ruled by divine
right.
•There was a new English translation of
Bible - the "King James Bible.“
•He persecuted Pilgrims because they
would not recognize him as the religious
leader of the Church of England.
•So, they became a political risk as well.
Sources of Puritan Migration
The Mayflower
1620 a group of 102
people [half Separatists]
Negotiated with the
Virginia Company to
settle in its
jurisdiction.
Non-Separatists
included Captain Myles
Standish.
A Model of Christian
Charity
Pilgrims merge with
the Puritans to form
Massachusetts Bay
Colony
Charles I (1625 - 1649)
•Son of James I and ruled by divine right.
•Conflicts with Parliament = much
resistance to his policies.
•Forced to sign the Petition of Right
•no taxes without Parliament’s consent;
•civilians didn't have to house soldiers;
•no military law in peacetime
•Due process of law
•In 1629, Charles dissolved Parliament and ruled until 1640.
•Persecuted Puritans led to the Puritan Migration.
•1642–1651: English Civil Wars, "Cavaliers" (Anglicans,
royalists, nobility, Catholics) vs. the "Roundheads" (Puritans
and Middle Class).
•Charles I was beheaded in 1649-------Oliver Cromwell became
Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth.
The MA Bay Colony
1629 non-Separatists got a royal charter
to form the MA Bay Co.
Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in
the Church of England.
They didn’t want to leave the Church, just
its “impurities.”
“Social Covenant”:
Between members of Puritan
communities with each other.
Required mutual watchfulness.
No toleration of deviance or
disorder.
No privacy.
Patriarchy
Authoritarian male father figures
controlled each household.
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Population of the New England
Colonies
Puritans vs. Native Americans
James II
(1685 - 1688)
•This was known as the
"Glorious Revolution."
(Revolution because they
overthrew the last Catholic
monarch, Glorious because
no one died.)
• Parliament put more
restrictions on the
monarch.
•The king couldn't make or
suspend laws, have an
army during peacetime,
and the king couldn't
interfere with freedom of
speech in Parliament.
•English Bill of Rights
Chart 13a
Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner
New Netherland Henry Hudson for English fleet takes New Netherlands
In1609--Dutch Netherlands New Amsterdam from was an autocracy
Dutch in 1664 and 1689---English Bill of
Duke of York of becomes New York Rights
New York—1664 City---Good harbor for
England England names it Representative Govt
New York trade
Royal Colony
Indian land---Dutch
New Jersey---1702 and Swedish gift Attract new settlers
from King Charles II for Dutch and Royal Colony
to brother James--- Swedish colonists
gives to his friends
Lord John Berkeley
& Sir George
Carteret
Penn founded for Representative govt
Pennsylvania—1681 William Penn religious freedom for
Swedes the Quakers---Holy Royal Colony
Experiment—invited
Delaware--1682 all people
Patroonships
similar to the
fedual system
New
Netherland
&
New
Sweden
Swedes in New Netherlands
Mid-1600s Sweden in Golden Age
settled small, under-funded colony
[called “New Sweden”] near New
Netherland.
1655 Dutch under
director-general
Peter Stuyvesant
attack New Sweden.
Main fort fell after
bloodless siege.
New Sweden absorbed
into New Netherland.
Dutch Residue in New York
Early 20c Dutch Revival
Building in NYC.
New York
City
seal.
William Penn
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
New York
Settling the Middle
[or “Restoration”] Colonies
New Netherlands Becomes a
British Royal Colony
Charles II granted New Netherland’s land
to his brother, the Duke of York, [before
he controlled the area!]
1664 English soldiers arrived.
Dutch had little ammunition and poor
defenses.
Stuyvesant forced to surrender without
firing a shot.
1702 E & W NJ
combined into NJ and
created one colony.
Delaware
Delaware — PA’s Neighbor