Temperature Scales
Celsius Scale
Farenheit Scale
Kelvin Scale
Total Energy
Macroscopic: energy that the system
possesses as a whole w.r.t. some outside
frame. Ex potential, kinetic energy etc.
Microscopic: molecular structure and
degree of molecular activity. Ex:
molecular translational, rotational, spin,
vibrational energy etc.
System: quantity of matter or region in space
chosen for study
Surrounding: mass or region outside the system
Boundary: real/imaginary surface that
separates system from surrounding
Types of system:
Open
Closed
Isolated
Energy interaction between system and
surrounding is heat if the driving force is
temperature difference. All other types of
energy interaction are termed as work
State: all properties of a system has fixed values
at a given state.
Process: Any change a system undergoes from
one equilibrium state to another
Cycle: when a system returns to its initial state at
the end of the process.
Statement
“The algebraic sum of net heat interactions is equal to
the work interaction between a system and its
surrounding thermodynamic cycle”
Q = W + ∆U
Heat Pump