STATISTICS vs.

PROBABILITY 
Learning Competencies
1. Recall the basic concepts and
definition of Statistics and
Probability.
2. Illustrate a random variable.
3. Classify random variables as
discrete or continuous.
4. Find the possible values of a
random variable.
 WHAT IS
STATISTICS?
Statistics
- Branch of Mathematics
dealing with the collection,
organization, presentation,
analysis and interpretation
of numerical data.
Collection
refers to gathering
of data or
information.
Organization
involves
summarizing the
data.
Presentation
involves presenting
the data in textual,
graphical or tabular
form.
Analysis
involves describing
the data by using
statistical methods
and procedures.
Interpretation
refers to the process
of making
conclusions based
on the analyzed
data.
A person engaging
in a statistical works

STATISTICIAN
 WHAT IS
PROBABILITY?
Probability
- Branch of Mathematics
that deals with calculating
the chances of a given
event’s occurrence. Which
is expressed as a number
between 1 and 0.
The word “CHANCE” was used in
the definition.

- estimates
- forecasts
- predictions
PROBABILITY vs.
POSSIBILITY 
 DEFINITION/SYNONYMS
Probability Possibility
• Likelihood • Likelihood
• Expectation • Hope
• Chances • Chances
• Possibility • Probability
EXPLORING
RANDOM VARIABLES
LESSON ONE (PAGE 2)
WHAT IS RANDOM
VARIABLES?
Random Variables
- Is a function that associates a real
number to each element in the sample
space (set of all possible outcomes).
- It is a variable whose possible values
are determined by chance.
- A random variable is typically
represented by an uppercase letter,
usually X.
STARTING POINT
page 2
CLASS ACTIVITIES (pages 3-6)
Activity 1 : Defective Cell Phones

Activity 2 : Tossing Three Coins

Activity 3 : Drawing Balls from an Urn

Types of
RANDOM VARIABLES
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

A random variable is said to be a discrete

random variable if its set of possible outcomes is
countable.

Example
– Number of defective chairs produced in a factory.
– Number of steps to the top of the Eiffel Tower.
CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLE
A random variable is said to be a continuous
random variable if it takes on values on
continuous scale or are obtained through
measuring.

Example
– The weights of students in pounds.
– The hourly temperatures last Sunday.
Types of Random Variables

• Discrete random variables

– Number of sales
– Number of calls
– Shares of stock
– People in line
– Mistakes per page

• Continuous random variables

– Length
– Depth
– Volume
– Time
– Weight
– Heights
– Temperatures
Student’s Exercises
(pages 7-8)
THE END……