BIOENERGETIKA
BIOENERGETIKA
Respiration
take place in
Photosynthesis Human cells,yielding :
Takes place in
Radiant E human
Plant cell,yielding:
E for work
E stored in
O2
biomolecules
E stored in
biomolecules
CO2
H2O
Energy 2 form :
1. Kinetic E : the E of motion ( a ball rolling
down a hill, heat warming a frying pan,
parfume spreading through the air )
2. Potential E : is stored E ( in the position of
the electrons that form the chemical bond )
E can be converted from one form to another.
Thermodynamics is the study of E use.
Bioenegetics ( bios : life + en:in + ergon: work)
the study of E flow through biological system.
E is transferred between molecules during reactions.
A+BC+D
A & B : reactants / substrates
C & D : products
The potential E stored in the chemical bonds of
molecule is known as the free energy of the molecule.
I. Hukum pertama:
didalam setiap perubahan fisik atau kimia, jumlah
total energi pada sebuah sistem termasuk energi
sekitarnya adalah konstan
= Hukum kekekalan energi
DGo' of phosphate
Compound hydrolysis, kJ/mol
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Carbamoil phosphat
Phosphocreatine
Pyrophosphate
ATP (to ADP)
ADP (to AMP)
Glukosa-1-phosphat
Glucose-6-phosphate
NH 2
ATP
adenosine triphosphate N
N
O O O N N
-O P O P O P O CH2 adenine
O
O- O- O- H H
H H
phosphoanhydride OH OH
bonds (~) ribose
O O O N N
-O P O P O P O CH 2
O
O- O- O- H H ribose
phosphoanhydride H H
bonds (~) OH OH
Alternatively:
AMP~P~P AMP + P~P (ATP AMP + PPi)
P~P 2 Pi (PPi 2Pi)
ATP dapat berfungsi sbg senyawa antara, karena :
Energi bebas baku atau ∆G0,adl perbedaan antara energi
bebas peraksi dan energi bebas produk pd keadaan
baku/standar
Cara menghitung perubahan energi bebas baku :
∆G0 = -2,303 R.T log K’eq,dimana
∆G0 = energi bebas baku
R = tetapan gas(1,987 kal/mol. K)
T = suhu mutlak(2890 K atau 250 C)
K’eq = tetapan kesetimbangan
∆G0 (-) : produk mengandung energi bebas <pereaksi →
reaksi berjalan kearah pembentukan produk pada
keadaan baku
∆G0 (+): produk mengandung energi bebas >pereaksi →
reaksi berjalan dr pembentukan produk ke arah
pereaksi
1. Enzim kinase : mengkatalisis pemindahan senyawa fosfat dr
senyawa fosfat berenergi super tinggi
2. Kinase khusus lainnya mengkatalisis pemindahan senyawa
fosfat terminal dari ATP ke suatu molekul penerima