Dr.K.

Siva Agora Sakthivel Murugan

VTC,SEEB
ONE LINE DIAGRAM OF POWER SYSTEM
 WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL
SWITCHBOARD(Encloser)
 An electric switchboard is an electrical device that
directs electricity from one place to another. It is
usually in the form of electrical panel in an enclosure,
which contains switches for such purposes.
 A large single panel, frame ,or assembly of panels on
which are mounted, on the face, back or both ,
switches, over current and other protective devices,
buses and usually instruments.
Industrial switchboards
 Modern industrial switchboards are metal enclosed and of
“dead front” construction; no energized parts are accessible
when the covers and panels are closed.
 Large switchboards may be free-standing floor-mounted
enclosures with provision for incoming connection at
either the top or bottom of the enclosure.
 A switchboard may have incoming bus bars or bus duct for
the source connection ,and also for large circuits fed from
the board. A switchboard may include a metering or
control compartment separated from the power
distribution conductors
 Types of Industrial Switchboard Designs
Some of the switchboard designs that our electricians
have experience installing include:
 Integrated facility systems
 Draw out molded case switchboards
 Quick connect switchboards
 Commercial metering
 Roll-up generator termination box
 Pow-R-Line C switchboards
 Pow-R-Line i switchboards
 Instant switchboards
 Tenant metering systems
The Role of an Electric Switchboard
in Power Flow
 Switchboard is a major component used in power
distribution process.
 An electrical switchboard gets power supply from a
power generator or any other major power source. The
operator working on controlling a board must be
protected from electrocution. This is provided by fuses
and switches mounted on the board.
 The main purpose of the board is to control the flow of
power
 Switchboard supply power to transformers, panels, and
other equipment and from there power further gets
distributed
When a Switchboard is Necessary
to Use
 The switchboard has become an essential part of our lives
as it serves many needs and is used in many applications.
There is one for telecommunications and phone related
needs, but also those that are used for electrical needs.
 The switchboard that is used in a power supply system is
called the electric switchboard and lastly there is also one
that is used in computing which is called framework. Each
of these switchboards are necessary for their assigned
tasks, where the most commonly used ones are those used
for electric transmission and telecommunications.
PARTS OF SWITCHBOARD
Industrial switchboards contain a varied assortment of
necessary components that have been included to provide
exceptional functionality and safety. Electrical switchboards
typically include each of the following parts:
 Main circuit breaker
 Individual metering on specific circuits
 Surge protection
 Emergency power off capability
 Open door alarm
 Indicator for available supply
 Monitoring for phase failure
 Types of Electric Switchboards

 There are several types of electric switchboards based

on current rating, construction type, interrupt rating,
operating type, voltage type, insulation medium, and
others. Inner part of the board contains several
busbars, strips of aluminum and copper to which
switches are connected.
 TYPES OF SWITCHBOARD
Front Connected Switchboards
 Distribution Switchboards (Type SB1, SB2, SB3)
 Integrated Power Systems Switchboards (Type IPS)
 Commercial Multi-Metering Switchboards (Type SMM & MMS)
 Embedded Micro Metering Module™ (SEM3)
 Smart DAS Type SB3
 Generator Ready Switchboards
 TPS3 Family of Hardwired Surge Protective Devices
Rear Connected Switchboards (Type RCS)
Stock Service Entrance Switchboards
 General Stock Switchboard Overview
 Super Blue Pennant Switchboard
 Circuit Breaker Stock Switchboard (Type BCT)
 Fusible Stock Switchboard (Type SCT`
Front Connected Switchboards
Switchboards provide a rugged design and the flexibility necessary in electrical systems
for all types of applications, some examples are:
 Commercial buildings
 Industrial plants
 Health care facilities
 Hi-rise complexes
Features
 Up to 6000 ampere main bus rating
 Up to 600 volts AC
 Bus bracing up to 200KAIC
 Tin plated aluminum bus, silver plated copper bus or tin plated copper bus
 Surge protective devices
 Ground fault protection on mains and distribution devices
Front Connected Switchboard
(Type SB2)

MCB means Miniature Circuit Breaker -- it is used for upto

100Amps in the motor feeders.
MCCB menas Moulded case Circuit Breaker -- it is used for
25oAmps to 800Amps in the motor feeders.
ELCB means Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker -- it is used to
trip the Circuit breaker if any leakage fault occured means.
RCCB means Residual Current Circuit Breaker -- A residual
current device (RCD), or residual current
 Front Connected Switchboards

 A distribution board (also known

as panelboard, breaker panel, or electric panel) is a
component of an electricity supply system that divides
an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while
providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each
circuit in a common enclosure. Normally, a
main switch, and in recent boards, one or
more residual-current devices (RCD) or residual
current breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBO),
 Front Connected Switchboards
 integrated power systems (IPS) switchboards integrate
multiple pieces of electrical distribution equipment
into a single assembly. The design results in reduced
installation time, a reduced footprint and reduced
labor risk for installation
 Integrated Power Systems Switchboards
 Integrated power systems (IPS) switchboards integrate multiple pieces of
electrical distribution equipment into a single assembly. The design results in
reduced installation time, a reduced footprint and reduced labor risk for
installation
 IPS switchboards have a wide range of applications and are commonly used in
retail stores, offices, health care facilities and retrofits.

Features
 All standard SB1, SB2 & SB3 switchboard features
 Lighting panelboards
 Distribution transformers
 Half high distribution switchboard chassis
 Individually mounted breakers (cable in & cable out)
 Auxiliary sections for surge devices, ACCESS power monitoring, contactors,
relays, time clocks, motor starters, customer equipment, etc.
Integrated Power Systems Switchboards
Distribution sections
n Up to 3000A (full height)
Up to 1200A (half height)

Transformers
Up to 300KVA (full height)
Up to 150KVA (half height)

Panelboards
Up to 800A (full height)
Up to 600A (half height)
Commercial Multi-Metering Switchboards
Commercial multi-metering switchboards provide utility metering for multiple
tenants. The sockets and protective devices are cable connected at the factory
making the sockets ready for the installation of the meters.
Multi metering switchboards can be used in many applications, some of the most
common are:
 Shopping center
 Office buildings
 Retail chain stores
Features
 Up to 4000 ampere main bus rating
 Up to 600 volts AC
 Bus bracing up to 200KAIC
 Standard hot sequence metering with optional cold sequence metering
 Ring-less type meter cover design
 100, 200 or 320 ampere meter sockets
Commercial Multi-Metering Switchboards
Short-Circuit Rating
Standard bus and connectors on all switchboards are
rated for use on systems capable of producing up to
65 kA rms symmetrical short-circuit current at the
incoming terminals. Short-circuit ratings up to
200 kA symmetrical are available when used with
approved devices.

Standards and Certifications

CSAT C22.2 No. 31
CSA C22.2 No. 244
Factory wired panelboards
and dry-type distribution
transformers meet CSA
C22.2 No. 31 and the
Canadian Electrical Code
Zone 4 Construction (IBC/
CBC Seismic Qualified
Smart DAS Type SB3
 Simple, scalable – Can integrate all MCCBs, ICCBs and Power Circuit Breakers in
a single system
 Consistent Architecture - System can be used in most equipment including
Switchgear, Switchboards, and Power Panels
 Outside the Zone - Maintenance switches can be mounted on a remote panel
outside arc flash zone
Standard Features
 Smart DAS controller with MODBUS TCP/IP
 MODBUS communication linking intelligent devices
 One light/switch per breaker
 Power/Insulated Case Circuit Breaker features
 ETU 776
 COM16 (MODBUS module)
 Ability to change all protection setting parameters
 Molded Case Circuit Breaker Features:
 ETU 586
 COMMOD21 (MODBUS module)
 Ability to change short time and instantaneous protection setting parameters
Smart DAS Type SB3
Generator Ready Switchboards
Generator Ready quick connect switchboards meet the market need for quick
connection of a generator for temporary back-up power.
The most common application of these switchboards are retail stores with perishable
items, nursing homes & hospitals. However, these types of switchboards should be
applied in any application that is sensitive to power outages.
 Features
 All standard SB1, SB2 & SB3 switchboard features
 Crouse-Hinds quick-connect Cam-Locks for a quick primary connection method
 Standard mechanical lugs suitable for use with Type W welding cable for a
secondary connection method
 NEMA 1 and NEMA 3R enclosures
 Trap door on NEMA 3R enclosure to maintain rating with cables connected
 Labeled phases and ground connections
 Bus connection between generator breaker and plug-in quick connects
 Mechanical interlocking with normal breaker
 Removable screw cover for covering quick-connects when not in use
 Stand alone or hard bussed in standard switchboard lineup
Generator Ready Switchboards
Rating:
120/240Vac.
280Y/120Vac.
600Y/347Vac.
Ampere rating :
600A-3000A.
Generator Ready Switchboards

2000A main WL generator Hinged NEMA 3R door to

breaker key interlocked maintain NEMA 3R rating
with normal main breaker with cables connected

2000A of Crouse-Hinds Standard mechanical lugs

Cam-Loks for a three phase suitable for use with Type W
four wire system with ground welding cable as a secondary
connection. method of connection
Rear Connected Switchboard
 RCS switchboards differ from the front connected (Type SB1, SB2, SB3) design
primarily in the distribution sections. In the distribution section the branch feeders
are individually mounted. Because of this method of mounting, access to the
outgoing cable terminals must be from the rear of the unit. Bus bar extensions from
the feeder devices are run to the rear of the RCS section stopping before the conduit
area for easy access and cable connection.
 An optional cable management system can be requested to secure the outgoing
cables. The front and rear of all sections align and are designed for mounting away
from the wall. RCS switchboard will accommodate requirements up to 6000 ampere
and 600 volts. The main bus can be specified for 400 to 6000 ampere rating. Main,
tie and branch devices are available in amperage ratings up to 6000 amps. RCS
switchboards can be indoor (NEMA 1) or outdoor (NEMA 3R) construction.
 RCS switch boards utilize Type WL insulated case and/or low-voltage power circuit
breakers with drawout mountings. Features and benefits include high breaker
density, 100kA standard short circuit bus bracing and three levels of horizontal bus.
Options include insulated/isolated bus,Dynamic Arc Flash Sentry,
ModBusmCommunication and intelligent power monitoring.
Rear Connected Switchboards
(Type RCS)
Rear Connected Switchboards
Voltage Rating Ampacities Interrupting Rating

120 Vac–600 Vac 800 A–5000 A Up to 200 kAIR @

(main circuit 240 V Up to 150 kAIR
breaker ) @ 480 V
 Stock Service Entrance
Switchboards
 Stock service entrance switchboards are designed as stock units to meet the
fast delivery needs of the market
 switchboards incorporate a utility current transformer compartment and a
Sentron molded case circuit breaker in a single section.
Switchboards have many applications, some of the most common include:
 Retail stores
 Office buildings
 Small factories
 Commercial stores and shopping center
Features
 Up to 1200 amperes
 Up to 600 volts AC
 Bus bracing up to 100KAIC
 Type 1 enclosures only
Super Blue Pennant Switchboards
 Super Blue Pennant stock service entrance switchboards are designed as stock units to
meet the fast delivery needs of the market.
 Super Blue Pennant switchboards are suitable for service entrance and are specifically
designed to meet EUSERC requirements. They combine utility metering provisions with
either a main Sentron molded case circuit breaker or Vacu-Break fusible switch. An
optional plug-in or bolt on distribution panel can also added in the field in the same
section.
 Super Blue Pennant switchboards have many applications, some of the most common
include:
• Retail store
 Office buildings
 Small factories
 Commercial stores and shopping centers
Features
 Up to 800 amperes
 Up to 480 volts AC
 Bus bracing up to 200KAIC
 Type 1 or Type 3R enclosures
Super Blue Pennant Switchboards
Approximate
Main Device Catalog Number Meter Distribution Weight (lbs.)
Socke
Ampere Service t Kits
Outdoo
Rating Voltage Indoor r Clips Available Indoor Outdoor

120/240; 1- WPB22
Phase, PB224 4 5 PQ2630 320 1050
400 Ampere 3-Wire PQ2612

Line Lugs
240/120; 3-
(2)—3⁄0-500 Phase,
kcmil (Copper 4-Wire Delta
or Aluminum) 240; 3-Phase, WPB42 PQ4630
PB424 4 15 335 1060
Breaker Rated 3-Wire PQ4612
208Y/120; 3-
65,000A IR Phase,
Symmetrical 4-Wire
at 240 Volts
35,000A IR 480Y/277; 3-
Symmetrical Phase,
at 480 Volts 4-Wire WPB44 PE4630
PB444 4 15 335 1060
Type JD6 480; 3-Phase, PF4606
3-Wire

120/240; 1- WPB22
Phase, PB226 6 5 PQ2630 320 1050
600 Ampere 3-Wire PQ2612

Line Lugs
240/120; 3-
Super Blue Pennant Switchboards

Ampere Wire
Rating Description Range

400 For Fusible (1)—3/0-750 kcmil (Cu or Al)

600 Switch (2)—3/0-500 kcmil (Cu or Al)
400 For Circuit (1)—600-750 kcmil (Cu or Al)
600 Breaker (2)—3/0-350 kcmil (Cu or Al)
800 (2)—600-750 kcmil (Cu or Al)
BCT Service Cubicle
 BCT stock service entrance switchboards are designed as stock units to meet the
fast delivery needs of the market.
 BCT switchboards incorporate a utility current transformer compartment and a
Sentron molded case circuit breaker in a single section.
BCT switchboards have many applications, some of the most common include:
 Retail stores
 Office buildings
 Small factories
 Commercial stores and shopping centers
Features
 Up to 1200 amperes
 Up to 600 volts AC
 Bus bracing up to 100KAIC
 Type 1 enclosures only
BCT Service Cubicle
 Neutral disconn Connectors (Per Phase & neutrall
Neutral)

Connection suitable for Cu or Al

 Ampere rating
(1) 4/0-500 kcmil
Utility metering provsion (2) 250 kcmil

400
600 (2)4/0-500kcmil


•(1) 4/0-500 kcmil
(2) 250 kcmil
800 (2)250-500kcmil

1000 (4) 250-500kcmil

1200 (4) 250-500kcmil

BCT service cubicle Neutral disconnect link
SCT Service Cubicle
SCT stock service entrance switchboards are designed as stock units to meet the fast
delivery needs of the market.
SCT switchboards incorporate a utility current transformer compartment and a Vacu-
Break fusible switch.
SCT switchboards have many applications, some of the most common include:
 Retail stores
 Office buildings
 Small factories
 Commercial stores and shopping centers
Features
 Up to 1200 amperes
 Up to 600 volts AC
 Bus bracing up to 200KAIC
 Type 1 enclosures only
SCT Service Cubicle
Connectors
Ampere Suitable

Rating For Cu or Al

4/0-500
400 (1) kcmil
(2) 250 kcmil
4/0-500
600 (2) kcmil
250-500
Vacu-Break Main Switch
800 (2) kcmil
250-500
1000 (4) kcmil
Fuse Clips 250-500
Ampere Fuse Symmetrical Amperes 1200 (4) kcmil
Rating Clip Interrupting Capacity

400 - 600 R 200,000

800 - 1200 L 100,000
Circuit Breaker Stock
Switchboard
 Stock switchboards provide immediate pre-packaged service entrance
equipment. Stock switchboards provide pre-packaged designs that are stocked at
distribution centers and are available for immediate delivery to match the needs of
the construction market. Stock switchboards are suitable for service entrance
equipment, they combine utility metering provisions with a main disconnect.
Features and Benefits
Super Blue Pennant
 Specifically designed to meet EUSERC requirements
 Provision for EUSERC utility metering
 Main fusible switch or circuit breaker
 Optional distribution panel
BCT Service Cubicle
 Provision for utility metering (non-EUSERC)
 Main molded case circuit breaker
SCT Service Cubicle
 Provision for utility metering (non-EUSERC)
 Main Vacu-Break fusible switches
Circuit Breaker Stock Switchboard
Ampere rating:
400A-600A-800A- MAIN CIRCUIT BREKER
Volt rating:
120/240 Volts 1-Phase, 3-Wire 240/120 Volts 3-Phase,
4-Wire Delta 240 Volts 3-Phase, 3-Wire Delta
208Y/120 Volts 3-Phase, 4-Wire 480Y/277 Volts 3-
Phase, 4-Wire480 Volts 3-Phase, 3-Wire Delta
IC rating:
The short circuit current rating is limited to the lowest
current interrupting rating, at the supply voltage, of
any device installed. Only Siemens breakers with short
circuit interrupting ratings equal to or greater than the
marked short circuit current rating shall be used for
replacement or additions.
 Select, install, and terminate
cables and wires in switchboards
Purpose:
This unit standard is for people engaged in the manufacture of
switchboards in the electrotechnology industry.
People credited with this unit standard are able to:
 select cables, wires, and associated hardware for switchboards to match
job requirements
 install cables, wires, and associated hardware in switchboards
 terminate cables and wires in switchboards in accordance with
manufacturers specifications
 identify and rectify switchboard cabling and wiring design problems
 verify the installation of switchboard cabling and/or wiring
in accordance with manufacturer’s specification, job
requirements, and industry practice.
Functions of Electrical Switchgear and
Switchboard Systems
 In most industrial and commercial applications the continuity and
distribution of electrical energy is extremely important regarding not only
the efficiency of the facility, but also the safety of the personnel involved.
Generally, within an installation, power distribution and protection
concerning equipment is carried out by either switchgear or board version
devices.
 A Comparison of Switchgear and
Switchboard Devices
 Switchgear devices are basically mechanisms consisting of: fuses, circuit breakers and
electrical relays, which are utilized to connect or disconnect the flow of electrical energy.
As switchboards consist of basically the same mechanisms as switchgear systems they are
consequently said to be a type of switchgear apparatus. A more precise outline of a switchgear
system is however, given by the United States National Electrical Code: “A large single panel,
structural frame or assembly of panels or structural frames, on which switches, protective
devices, buses and instruments may be mounted”.

 Although switchgear and switchboard devices seem similar in function, one of the main
differences between these mechanisms is the allowable voltage. Switchgear systems can
generally deal with voltages of up to 35000 volts, whilst switchboards, are typically used in
commercial applications when energy levels under 600 volts are concerned.

 Major hardware property differences consequently exist in order to allow for the higher
voltage levels in switchgear systems opposed to switchboard systems. The first of these
differences can be seen regarding the types of Circuit Breakers that are utilized. In switchgear
systems ‘power circuit breakers’ can be used, these breakers allow for high voltages to be
utilized, as well as enabling breakers and other parts to be withdrawn or replaced while the
system is still live.
Cont..
 switchboards in comparison generally utilize ‘molded case circuit breakers’, these breakers are
usually only able to handle low voltages, and if a failure occurs, the entire system must be shut down
in order for components to be repaired or replaced. This is extremely problematic within a system that
requires continuous electrical energy to function. To combat this in some situations facilities may use
‘insulated case breakers’, although these breakers can only be utilized in a rear-
accessible switchboards, they do allow for some maintenance while the system is live.

 The in-facility size requirements regarding switchgear and switchboard systems are quite similar.
Some authors however, argued that when a front accessible board is utilized the space saved can be
quite substantial as it can be located against a wall. As previously stated however, ‘insulated case
breakers’ can only be used in rear-accessible systems, meaning that although front-
accessible switchboards may save space, they require repair downtime.

 One may wonder, with all of the seemingly negative points standing against switchboards in
comparison to switchgear systems, why installations would choose to use them at all. The answer to
this question in most cases is the extremely high cost of switchgear systems when compared
to switchboards. Some experts put the price of switchgear systems at two to three times that
of switchboard devices.

 In conclusion it can be seen that switchgear systems may be more reliable and robust constructions
however, in many cases such technology is not affordable. Ever advancing technology regarding
components such as circuit breakers however, are giving facilities more and more technical options to
choose from, and enabling them to develop better energy management systems.
THANK YOU!!!