PTT 444 -TCCHNOLOGIST IN SOCIETY

HAZARDS
GROUP MEMBERS

HII SIEU JIA 141332330

KANG WEI TIANG 141332334
LEE BEE GEE 141332336
LEE SHI HUI 141332338
WONG REN KAN 141332378
 HAZARD
■ Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage
to property, damage to the environment or a
combination of these (Guidelines for Hazard
Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control).

Health hazards Safety Hazards Environmental hazards

(anything can cause (anything can cause (environment that may
illness to occupant) physical harm) cause harm)
Hazard identification
■ Hazard identification means the identification of
undesired events that lead to the materialisation of the
hazard and the mechanism by which those undesired
events could occur (Guidelines for Hazard Identification,
Risk Assessment and Risk Control).
 Hazard identification technique

work place employee reports

inspections complaints made under
&comments the
regulation
of OSHA

hazardous minor
occurrence injury
investigatio records record of tests
n reports hazardous concerning
substances the H&S

Work
place
First health
aid protection
records programs
 Hazard Identification and
Assessment Methodology
Steps & time frame for Time frame for reviewing
The keeping of a record
identifying & assessing & revising the
of the hazards
hazards methodology
•Who will be •Establish and maintain •Date for the review of
responsible an identification record the identification
•Way of reports are •Print or electronic •Use techniques to
processed format identify hazards
•Identification time •Work place
frame inspections; Task
safety analysis or job
hazard analysis;
Preliminary
investigations;
Potential accident
factors; Failure
analysis; Accident and
incident investigations.
Classifications of Hazards
■ Hazard is any source of potential that damage,
harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone.
■ To increase understanding of surrounding hazards.
Physical
Electrical Chemical
Types of
Hazards
Psychosocial Biological
Ergonomic
Physical Hazards
■ This is the most common type of workplace hazards.
■ Physical hazard are factors within the environment that can
harm the body without necessarily touching it.
■ Example:
 Noise/Vibration
 Fall/Slip/Trip
 Fire/Explosion
 Radiation
 Extreme Temperature (Heat/Cold)
 Chemical Hazard
■ Chemical hazards are present anytime workers are exposed
chemical substances
■ Chemical inhales or absorb harmful chemical through
mouth, nose or via skin contact
■ Example
 Vapour and fumes
 Carbon Monoxide or other gases
 Gasoline or other flammable materials
Biological Hazard
■ Biological hazards are associated with working with animals,
people or infectious plant materials.
■ Organic substances which is toxic cause the health effect on
human and other living organisms.
■ Example
 Animals (Wild Dogs)
 Plants (Poisons, Irritants)
 Parasites (Ticks)
Polluted Water Supply (Bacteria)
 Viruses (Hepatitis)
 Fungi (Tineas)
 Bacteria (Legionella)

Animal Insects Infestations

Ergonomic Hazard
■ Occur when a worker’s physical workplace or typical work
procedures do not match up with his physical size or work
positions.
■ The caregivers do not immediately notice the effect to body.
■ Can harm the musculoskeletal system.
■ Example
 Manual Handling
 Repetitive Work
 Computer Work
Psychosocial Hazard
■ Occurred when a caregiver’s work environment becomes
stressful.
■ Troubles an individual very much to that the mental well-
being or mental health of the work.
■ Example
 Shift work (Prolonged night duty)
 Stress
 Violence
 Harassment (Bullying)
Electrical Hazard
■ A dangerous condition where a worker can or does make
electrical contact or injury from shock
■ Potential for the worker to receive thermal burn or blast
injury.
■ Example
 Improper grounding
 Exposed electrical parts
 Damaged insulation
 Overloaded circuits
 Overhead power lines
Exposure Routes of Hazards
Routes of hazard means the pathways of hazardous materials
enter to or in contact with body.
 Physical Hazards
■ Routes of physical hazards may occurred through ear, skin
and also musculoskeletal system.
■ This can be happened due to tissue damage, hearing loss,
manual handling, ergonomic, traffic hazards, collapse,
falling objects.
■ For example:-
 Heavy lifting musculoskeletal system
 Noise Ear
 Chemical & Biological Hazard
There are four ways in which hazardous chemical can contact
or enter to the body and cause harm, which are:-
 Psychological Hazard
■ The exposure route for psychological hazard is through
brain.
■ Example,
 stress brain
 Electrical Hazard
■ The exposure route for electrical hazard is through skin
■ Example:-
 Electrocution skin contact
 Radiation Hazard
■ The exposure route for radiation hazard is by skin or eye
contact
■ Example:-
 Waves produced by mobile phones or computer screen
eye or even brain
CONSEQUENCE AND
EFFECT OF HAZARD
 Injuries of the worker
■ The hazard may harm the worker in physical and
mental.
■ Injuries cause the short of manpower.
■ Required more time for hiring another worker and
retrain them
■ Worker may face the psychological trauma.
■ Difficulty of conduct the work activity.
Loss of money
■ The penalty should be paid by employer to the
authority .
■ Compensation for the injuries workers.
■ Delay penalty of the project.
■ Loss of image of the company and cause the loss
of project.
Loss of time
■ The work activity shut down to carry out the
investigation of the accident.
■ Loss of time due to the re-employment of workers
■ Change of the planning due to the short of
manpower.
Employee’s moral down
■ Unsafe work place makes workers worried
■ Efficiency of the performance down
■ Workers difficult to focus
■ Workers loss of confident to the company
Control Method for Hazard
Elimination
■ Control the hazards that having high risk
■ Remove the hazard completely
■ eliminate a process that will expose the inspector
of a material to a toxic gaseous, e.g. CO2 produced
from steam reforming process
 Substitution
■ Effectiveness lower than elimination
■ Replacing the existing hazard with the lower hazard activity
■ Hazard still exist
■ Example:
– Replace the material that used in the process of
manufacturing that will released toxic gases with
another one that will release a less toxic gases
– Replace an existing chemical that produced dust with
the one that doesn’t produce dust
 Engineering Control
■ Remove the hazard at the workplace before it come in
contact with the workers
■ Isolate the hazard from worker
■ Reliable long term cost saving (starting cost higher than
administrative control/ PPE)
■ Example:
– Put a vibration absorbing carpet under machine to thus
decreasing the noise produced
– Using a mechanical lifter instead of manual handling to
prevent backache to the workers
 Administrative Control
■ Control to the behaviour of the worker
■ Training, procedure, policy, or shift design
■ More effective than PPE
– Control the behaviour and manner
■ Costly
■ Example:
– Rotating of shift of working in the power generation plant
using turbine to prevent hearing loss of workers
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
■ Final choice
■ Does not eliminate the existing hazard
■ Extra protective way
■ PPE failed = Worker exposed directly to hazard
■ Example:
– Safety helmet
– Safety boot
– Safety goggles
Implementation and Follow Up
of Hazard Control Method
■ Permit from the authorised party such as employer
and OSH officer
■ Follow up to ensure effectiveness
■ New risk from change scope of work/ new
procedure
– Another evaluation to risk
■ Management level and worker
■ Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
THANK YOU