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Terapi Pasien
SUHARJONO
DEP FARMASI KLINIS /
KETUA PROGRAM S2
FARMASI KLINIK
FAKULTAS FARMAS UNAIR
Email :
shj_ms_id@yahoo.com
HP.08121733877
Fb Suharjono Pharmacist
1
Ann Intern Med 2006;166:1021-6
(DATA DI USA)
• CALOMEL DIKOMBINASI DG
SANTONIN UTK OBAT CACING
• SULFANILAMID TABLET (INFEKSI
PERUT)
- DERMATOL DAN RIVANOL ORAL
(INFEKSI PERUT)
- PENISILIN TETES MATA
-
ISTILAH YANG BERBEDA UN-USUAL
Botulinum toksin tipe-A Terapi strasbisms dan spasme Kosmetik pada mata
hemifacial dan blefarospasm
YULISTIANI, 2014
Pada bayi liver belum siap
melakukan fungsi metabolisme Bahaya?
konjugasi
Bilirubin Jaundice
Icterus
Konjugasi
Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, Bhandari N, Sinha A, Jalla S. Zinc supplementation in young
children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med 1995;333:839--44.
KORTIKOSTER
Penyakit OID
autoimun
SLE Imunosupresan
Arthritis
NS
YULISTIANI, 2014
Contoh R/ dr. SpA
R/ Prednison tb No. CC
R/ Prednison tb No 3-3-3 (2 minggu)
CL 2-2-2 (2 minggu)
4-4-4
R/ Levamisol No. XV
1 dd1 selang
sehari
(2 hari sekali)
Pro: An. S (6 th)
Pro : An. RD
Gangguan glomerulus
Sindroma nefrotik (ginjal) karena
disregulasi autoimun
R/ Metilprednisolon tb
R/ Metilprednisolon tb
No. LX
No. LX
3 dd2
3 dd2
R/ Hidrosksiklorokuin
No. XV
Pro: AnTN(8 th) 1 dd 1
YULISTIANI, 2014
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Pro : An. FR
Pro: An. B (7 th)
Terapi Autisme
Obat – obatan, misalnya:
› Psikotropika
› Antibiotik, Anti Jamur, Anti Virus, Anti Parasit
› Lain – lain
Pengaruh diet
Enzym pencernaan
Vitamin & Mineral
Asupan lain misalnya: asam amino, asam lemak
esensiel
Perbaikan fungsi imunologi : probiotik, colostrum,
Ivig, dll
Chelation (pengeluaran logam berat)
YULISTIANI, 2014
Terapi autis
Brain nutrition
Critical needs for essensial vitamins & mineral
drugs
YULISTIANI, 2014
OBAT OFF LABEL BIDANG OBSTETRI
Teratology 1993 May;47(5):433-4 ABSTRACT: A drug recommended for
indications other than those listed on the product label or package insert may
pose a problem to the exposed fetus. Our objective was to describe patterns of
off-label drug use for treatment during pregnancy, including the types of drugs
used, timing of use (by trimester), and overall frequency of use. All pregnancies
delivering at our tertiary care institution during a recent 6 month period were
chosen if prenatal care at our nonprivate clinics began before 20 weeks of
gestation. Complete prenatal and hospital records were reviewed prospectively,
and subjects were interviewed in the hospital setting after delivery. A total of 165
(22.6%) of the 731 eligible subjects took one or more (average 1.7, 95% CI 1 to 4)
drugs for off-label indications. Reasons for off-label use included: to avoid
repetitive abortion (aspirin, prednisone, progesterone), inhibit labor
(terbutaline, magnesium sulfate), reduce fetal or neonatal infection
(ampicillin, gentamicin), reduce development of preeclampsia or eclampsia
(aspirin, magnesium sulfate), enhance fetal lung maturity (betamethasone),
ripen the unfavorable cervix (prostaglandin E2 gel), and treat fetal
arrhythmias (digoxin). Aspirin and prednisone were the only drugs taken
during the first trimester and for prolonged periods for off-label indications.
Although the obstetrician has a legal right to recommend certain drugs for off-label
indications, each patient is entitled to know why she and her unborn baby would
benefit from treatment and whether any more than necessary risk is anticipated.
OBAT UNTUK PCOS / POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
• METFORMIN
• PIOGLITAZONE
OFF LABEL BIDANG NEFROLOGI
ACEI (KAPTOPRIL-LISINOPRIL-ENALAPRIL)
(ARB) VALSARTAN-CANDESARTAN-TELMISARTAN-LOSARTAN
RENOPROTEKTOR
ANTIHIPERTENSI
RENOPROTEKTOR
ACEI/ARBs
ANTIPROTEINURIA
RENOPROTEKTOR
SUPRAPTI, 2014
SALBUTAMOL ,Na BICARBONAT,
INSULIN
PADA KASUS HIPERKALEMIA
(Rodriquez & Calvert, 2006; Parham et al, 2006; Brophy, 2014)
48
Kalium normal 3,5 – 5,0 mEq/L
Hiperkalemia:
49
CALCIUM CARBONAS
SEBAGAI PHOSPHATE BINDER
(NKF/KDOQ, 2003; Piers et al, 2009; Kazama, 2009)
50
PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK
CaCO3 peroral
Gangguan 3 dd 500 mg
Fungsi ekskresi St 3-4
52
PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS
RESIKO KARDIOVASKULAR ↑ 53
N-ASETILSISTEIN
Penurunan inflamsi
Mencegah apoptosis endotel
Dosis 5 g Perbaikan fungsi endotel
iv intermitten 1 jam Penurunan proliferasi otot pemb. Darah
Penurunan fibrosis
Penurunan agregasi platelet 54
ASAM FOLAT
MENURUNKAN HHcy
(Riddell et al, 2000; Blom & Smulders, 2011; Lopez et al, 2013)
55
HOMOSISTEIN
(Asia Pacific
Heart J
1998;7(3):160-
168)
FURSULTIAMIN
Farmakokinetika fursultiamin
sama dengan thiamin, terkecuali
kemampuannya dalam menembus
sel yang lebih baik bila
dibandingkan dengan thiamin, hal
ini disebabkan karena fursultiamin
memiliki sifat hidrofobik, sehingga
pada pemberian oral pun dapat
dengan mudah diserap, tanpa
membutuhkan transporter. Setelah
masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah,
senyawa disulfida ini akan lebih
mudah direduksi menjadi thiamin
dengan bantuan sistein atau
glutathion (Bettendorf, 2012).
N-Asetil Sistein – utk cegah resistensi Nitrat
62
Propanolol pd Thyrotoxicosis
• Medical Therapy: Thyrotoxicosis
– Goal: euthyroid. Resting HR best sign of
acceptable tx.
– Traditional pre-op tx: Antithyroid meds >2
mos before surgery, then may be stopped
post-op.
• Propylthiouracil or methimazole
• Saturated KI sol
• Li-carbonate (if I- allergy)
– More recent preop tx: Treat x 7-14days
w/Saturated KI solution
• Propanolol or nadolol: ß-blockers postop
MINOKSIDIL TOPIKAL TX ALOPECIA
CAPTOPRIL ANTIREMODELING
DOSIS 6.25-12.5 MG
ATROPINE SULPHATE
UTK BRADIKARDIA
DOPAMIN DOSIS RENDAH UNTUK
RENAL BLOOD FLOW
OBAT OFF-LABEL BIDANG UROLOGI
ALFA BLOKER – TERAZOSIN –DOKSAZOSIN – TALAMFUSOZIN –
TX BPH
DAMPAK KURANGNYA INFORMASI OL
Bagi Farmasis
1.Salah beri KIE
2.Protes profesi kesehatan lain ke farmasis
Bagi Pasien
1.Kepatuhan pasien berkurang
(takut minum obat, hentikan terapi)
2.Gagal terapi, keamanan diragukan, bahkan
tragedi (Thalidomid)
• PERAN FARMASIS :
• 1.IKUTI PERKEMBANGAN TERBARU
INFORMASI OBAT
• 2.TANYAKAN KE PUSAT INFORMASI
OBAT (BADAN POM, IOM FF UNAIR,
IFRS RSU DR.SOETOMO,
, INTERNET, PENULIS R/, TEMAN, DLL)
• 3.BERIKAN INFORMASI DG BENAR KE
PASIEN
TERIMA KASIH