PIPING

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Piping – slide 1
 PIPING

• Connections

• Pressure rating

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• Coflexip hoses

• Safety

Piping – slide 2
 PIPING -

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CONNECTIONS

Piping – slide 3
 WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
• Connectors for temporary pipe and flow line installations

• FMC acquired the original WECO Company, in the 1950’s

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• The design is old, and manufactured by many companies.

• Used in steel and chemical plants, on marine drilling vessels,

and in the oil industry.

• More than a dozen design variations ; designated by the nominal

pipe diameter and a “Figure” number

Piping – slide 4
WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS

Wing
Pin

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Male Thread
Box
Femal
e
Ex: Weco Hammer Union
Fig 1002

Piping – slide 5
WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
•Designated by the nominal pipe diameter and a ‘Fig’
number
ex: 3” Fig.1002. (Marked on the Wing

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Nut)

•Flow direction rule :

- INLET equipped with Thread or Box or Female
“sub”
- OUTLET equipped with Wing or Pin or Male “sub”

• All weco union are H2S rated conform to NACE MR-01-

75.
Piping – slide 6
 WECO-UNION CONNECTIONS
• SEALINGMETHOD : - Rubber (and metal-to-metal if
hammered correctly)
- “Lip seal” elastomer on the Female “sub”
- 250 degF Max. Temp.

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- Fig 206 has an O-ring on the Male “sub”
• In High-Pressure applications, especially when flowing gas, the
Hammer Union lip seal elastomer will most likely experience the
typical “explosive decompression” phenomena. The gas will
migrate into the elastomer. The lip seal will pop out of the groove
in the union and cause a leak.
•The likelihood of a leak is even greater at HT and when there is
a high CO2 concentration.
•A metal-to-metal seal will prevent
Piping – slide 7 this unwanted phenomenon.
WECO-UNION CONNECTION

Pipe
Nominal size Color band Figure WP (psi) TP (psi)
in.
6” light blue 206 1500 2250

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2” , 3” yellow 602 2500 3750
------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
4” yellow 602 2300 3450
3” , 4” , 6” red 1002 5000 7500
2” , 3” black 1502 10000 15000
------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
4” black 1502 10000 15000
2” , 3” white 2202 15000 22500

PIPING TP (psi) = WP (psi) x 1.5

Piping – slide 8
WECO-UNION CONNECTION
Prevention and Identification of the right thread

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•2” 1502 and 2” 602 are easy to connect But it will not handle the
pressure.
• 2” fig 1002 Union are banned from OFS operation.
• 2” fig 602 Unions will be phased out during the 2 years of 2001 and
2002. Piping – slide 9
 2” WECO - 1502 or 602?

•Use a gauge ring (P/N

477990000):
- Passes over 602 (and 1002 - this

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should
be destroyed)
- Will not pass over 1502

•The
difference is •The purchase of 2”Fig602
the depth of pipework is no more
the thread, allowed, its use must be
1502 is deeper gradually phased out

Piping – slide 10
 GRAYLOC CONNECTION
POM recommend GRAYLOC hubs if metal-to-metal seal
is required.

•GRAYLOC:

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- Seal: metal to metal seal
- H2S rated conform to
NACE
- Temp: - 40 degF to 450
degF
- Bolting torque for C 25:
90 ft.lb

Piping – slide 11
GRAYLOC CONNECTION

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Piping – slide 12
PIPING

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Piping – slide 13
DYNETOR CONNECTION

•DYNETOR :

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- Seal: metal to metal
- H2S rated conform to
NACE
- Temp.: - 75 degF to
450 degF

Piping – slide 14
 QUICK UNION CONNECTION
For WHE
• Purpose : assemble the testing SL/ELS/wireline service lubricator and
related

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equipment designed to be assembled by hand.
- Once made up the connection should be back-off a ¼ turn to prevent
from sticking

• Two types in common use are ‘Otis’ and ‘Bowen’ designs.

• Characteristics : - Seal with an O-ring on the pin

section.
- ACME thread.

•The O-ring should be thoroughly inspected for damage and replace if

necessary before use.
Piping – slide 15
QUICK UNIONS FOR WHE
Pin
Nut (Collar)

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O-ring Seal

Box

Piping – slide 16
 QUICK UNIONS FOR WHE

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OTIS Union 45° chamfer

Example of connection 4.75 in

4.75 - 4 Acme (3.75)
Otis Union 3.75

4 threads per in

Piping – slide 17
PIPING - PRESSURE

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RATING

Piping – slide 18
 PIPING
Piping is classified into 3 categories : - rigid Piping
- flexible hoses
- Articulated Piping

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•Rigid Piping :
- consists of straight pipes of different lengths (1, 3
and 5 meters are the most common length) and elbows
(typically 900).

Piping – slide 19
 PIPING

•Flexible Hoses :

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-HP flexible hoses are made of rubber or polymer
Protected by a flexible metallic carcass such as
Coflexip.

- LP flexible rubber hoses, ended with weco union

Piping – slide 20
 PIPING
•Articulated Piping :
- Articulated piping consists of 900 elbows connected
with swivel joints that allow rotation in one,
two, or three planes.

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CHICKSANS WITH
SWIVEL ARE
FORBIDDEN IN ANY
- TheTESTING PROCESS.
only chicksans allowed
are used on the killline for
pumping into the well (mud,
cement). Never used to carry
hydrocarbons.
Piping – slide 21
 PIPING
• To see POM (Appendix B)

• Mainly defined by : - Nominal diameter (wall mid point), O.D ?

I.D. ?

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- Schedule (Sch.80, XXS, SP) ?
- Grade ?

•Working Pressure of the pipe (WP) is determined by the Wall

Thickness.

Wall Thickness, measured with : - ultrasonic tester.

- X-ray.
- Manual Caliper.
Piping – slide 22
 PIPING
•When the equipment is in the field, at regular intervals, the
pipe wall thickness needs to be checked randomly. The
minimum Wall thickness (rejection criterion) is directly
related to the Working Pressure and the pipe OD.

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2xsxt WP x OD
WP = or t=
OD - (0.8 x t) (2xs) + (0.8xWP)

where: WP = Working Pressure , t = minimum wall thickness

s = design stress , OD = pipework Outer
Diameter

• If the minimum wall thickness found is below this

value, the equipment has to be junked.
Piping – slide 23
PIPING

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Piping – slide 24
PIPING

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Piping – slide 25
PIPING

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Piping – slide 26
PIPING

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Piping – slide 27
 PIPING
• Regular inspection of wall thickness to :
- check the WP of pipe.
- find effect of erosion/corrosion.

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- prevent accident.

• No down rating of pipework allowed.

• All H2S rated / must conform to NACE MR 01-75.

Note: Thickness inspection does not replace pressure

testing, BOTH are required.

Piping – slide 28
 PIPING
Line sizing:
• gas/fluid velocities limitations to maximum :
- 80 ft/sec if solids (sand) or 2-phase flow.
- 160 ft/sec for dry gas.

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•if higher velocity expected, a full HAZOP is required as :
- increase pipe ID, flare tip ID.
- divers flow through more than one pipe.
- reduce as much as practical the line length and
number of bends
- reduce the choke size.

See FOH 1, Section 11 page 13 for gas velocity chart.

Piping – slide 29
 PIPING
• Line securing offshore / onshore

-piping should be supported on racks, stanchions or individual

standoffs.
-increase number and select position of clamps.

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-follow recommendations for welding of support brackets.
-ensure best possible security of the line (wire rope, cement
block).
-wire rope must be secured on fixed points with minimum
slack.
-in desert environment we have successfully used burying the
flare lines with sand.
- in marshy or semi-hard grounds,
Piping – slide 30
we recommend even 20
 PIPING
•A potential danger exists on all gas flow lines and high-pressure
relief lines (basically all our flow lines FH to CM and all our
Vent lines from Separator and Surge Tank).

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•Make
personnel,
client and
third parties
aware of it !

Piping – slide 31
 PIPING
SELECTION GUIDELINES
Maximum expected WHP x 1.2 = selection of the
WP of our equipment (flow head, choke manifold, pipe
and other upstream equipment)

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- Working pressure (WP)
The pressure rating of any pipework is not determine
by the end connection or the pipe itself, but by the lowest
rated section.
- Flow Rate / Velocity
The diameter of the piping depends on the maximum
expected flow rate. The most common sizes of piping used is
3”.
4” or 6” diameter piping is sometimes chosen for high
gas rate tests. Piping – slide 32
 PIPING
Warning : Figure 206 Hammer Union
•Figure 206 piping should not be used except for 6-in 206
schedule 80 as flow lines for high rate gas test, located
downstream the separator. (Pressure is a maximum of 1440

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psi decreasing towards 0 psi at flare tip)
•Due to the nature of the 206 seal (O-ring), it is not
recommended to use the piping for hydrocarbon flow.
•the exception to use 6-in 206 is given considering that the
6-in is not available in 602 type weco.
HPHT piping (15 kpsi and above)
Only metal-to-metal seal piping (Grayloc, Flanges,
Dynetor…) should be used for upstream flow lines.
Piping – slide 33
 PIPING
Piping colors used are the new Schlumberger standard :

• The following standards would allow differentiation of both

the piping service and working pressure rating:

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-whit
white for nitrogen service
e
- grey for treating iron (acid fracturing)
- blue for hydrocarbon piping (Testing) => this could
also be applicable to pressure control equipment (slickline &
wireline lubricators & BOP’s…)
.
•The stainless steel band remains to identify serial number,
certification date etc…

Piping – slide 34
 PIPING
Hydrocarbon flow back Piping & WHE
1 500 psi WP

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2 500 psi WP

5 000 psi WP

10 000 psi WP

15 000 psi WP

20 000 psi WP
5 ABB/AV
2/8/01

Piping – slide 35
PIPING - COFLEXIP

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HOSES

Piping – slide 36
 COFLEXIP HOSES

•COFLEXIP hoses must be choosen in accordance to

the : - temperature
- pressure

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- fluid type expected

•Minimum bending radius specifications must be respected :

MBR = ID x 12

Piping – slide 37
 COFLEXIP HOSES
• For Coflexip hoses, accurate records of pressure and
temperature exposure versus time must be maintained and
hoses retired from service according to manufacturer’s
specifications (See POM section 3)

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• Two types of Coflexip for DST (short test < 72hs) or PTL
(extended test & sour service) are used :
- COFLEXIP : standard made with RILSAN (temporary
sour service)
- COFLON : High Temperature made with COFLON
(sour service without duration limit)

Piping – slide 38
COFLEXIP HOSES
Item Standard High temperature High Temperature
Lining Rilsan PVDF Coflon PVDF Coflon
Applications DST, extended test DST Extended test
2-in. or 3-in. bore 3-in. bore 2½-in. bore
Nominal size
45 or 60 ft long 60 ft long 60 ft long
10,000 psi WP 15,000 psi WP 15,000 psi WP

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Pressure rating
15,000 psi TP 22,500 psi TP 22,500 psi TP
20ºC to 100ºC, 20ºC to 130ºC,
continuous, up to 20ºC to 130ºC, continuous, up to
Temperature rating 130ºC 1 month, continuous, up to 145ºC 1 month,
(cumul.) up to 160ºC, 160ºC 1 hour (cumul.) up to 160ºC,
1 hour 1 hour
API Hub or Flange API Hub or Flange
2-in, or 3-in, 1502
Connections 3-in. C25 Graylock 3-in. C25 Graylock
WECO
HD hub HD hub
Non acidified effluent
only.
No concentrated acids No concentrated acids
Limits of use No heavy metallic
at high temperature at high temperature
salts (zinc, calcium
bromides, etc.).

Piping – slide 39
PIPING - SAFETY

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Piping – slide 40
 SAFETY
•Keep piping routes as straight as possible (avoid
erosion).

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• All piping must be H2S service (NACE MR 01-75).

• Use only welded union connections (WECO, GrayLoc,

…).

• Firmly anchor the flow lines and vent lines to the rig
structure or to the ground.

• All piping / hoses must Piping

have an identification ring on it.
– slide 41
 SAFETY

•Hoses must be attached to heavy pieces of equipment

because they can swing under pressure.

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• Never try to loosen or tighten connections under pressure.

• Do not use steel hammers to tighten wing union

connections when there is ANY risk of hydrocarbons. Brass
or copper hammers must be used to prevent sparks. They
must be in good condition to avoid injuries from metal chips
that can break off of these hammers (eyes!).

Piping – slide 42
 SAFETY
•After every job, the piping must be thoroughly cleaned to
prevent corrosion from well fluids.

• Before storage, the piping connections must be greased

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and covered with greased adhesive tape.

•Equipment containing or controlling pressure is qualified

and certified for use through regular Q-check inspections.
Such inspections are normally carried out and every 12
months.

• Perform a thickness test and visual inspection at regular

intervals minimum every 12 months.(X-ray survey maximum
interval every 5 years, during the MAJOR SURVEY).
Piping – slide 43
 SAFETY

•Painting on rigid pipes avoid corrosion ( to use the correct

color coding)

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• In desert locations, do not put grease and “SAND” on the
threads.

• WECO seal must be verified and changed when

damaged.

• Threads and sealing surfaces must be cleaned with a wire

brush or fine emery cloth.

Piping – slide 44
 SAFETY
•Pipework rated 10 kpsi WP and above, without
documented material traceability shall be retired
immediately. No interim usage can be granted.

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• Schlumberger has chosen to avoid confusion with the type
of fluid going out of the SEPARATOR, a colour code as
follows :
- Vessel is SILVER
- Oil Line is PURPLE / VIOLET
- Water Line is BLUE
- Gas Line is YELLOW
Piping – slide 45
 SAFETY
OPERATING RULES
• Operations are not allowed where MPWHP exceeds
MAOP. (WP of our equipment)

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•Welding on pressure containing equipment may be
performed only by an approved supplier, during
manufacture or as part of a documented repair.

•Retired pressure equipment must be destroyed to the point

that it cannot be used again.

Piping – slide 46
 NEARLY FINISHED...
•Would you use this for your rig up?
No

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•Why
?It is threaded WECO - Banned Slb

•Where would you put it?

Scrap metal skip

•Anything else?
Cut it so it can never be used again

Piping – slide 47
 REFERENCE

•Pressure Operations Manual

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Suggestion: Start reading this as soon as
possible, make life easy for yourselves.

•FOH for Surface Well Testing (except PIPING section)

Piping – slide 48
REFERENCE

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Piping – slide 49
REFERENCE

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Piping – slide 50
PIPING

The END

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Piping – slide 51