Heart Disease:

What You Can Do.

Risk Factors
 Increasing age

• 83 percent of people who die of coronary

heart disease are 65 or older.
 Male sex
• Men have a greater risk of heart
attack than women do, and they
have attacks earlier in life.
 Heredity

• Children of parents with heart

disease
 Tobacco smoke
• Smokers risk is 2–4 times that of
nonsmokers.
• Passive smokers increase their risk.
 High blood cholesterol
• As blood cholesterol rises, so does
risk of coronary heart disease.
 High blood pressure
• High BP increases the heart's
workload, causing the heart to
thicken and become stiffer.
• It increases risk of stroke, heart
attack, kidney failure and congestive
heart failure.
 Physical inactivity
• Regular, moderate-to-vigorous
physical activity helps prevent heart
and blood vessel disease. The more
vigorous the activity better.
 Obesity and overweight

• People who have excess body fat —

especially at the waist- are at high
risk.
Obesity
 Obesity

• Excess weight increases the heart's

work. It raises blood pressure and
cholesterol and triglyceride levels and
lowers HDL ("good") cholesterol levels.
• Obesity may induce diabetes to develop.
 Diabetes mellitus

• Diabetes seriously increases your risk of

developing cardiovascular disease.
• Even when glucose (blood sugar) levels
are under control, diabetes increases the
risk of heart disease and stroke,
• The risks are greater if blood sugar is
not well controlled.
• Three-quarters of people with diabetes
die of heart or blood vessel disease.
 Individual response to stress

• Scientists note a relationship between

coronary heart disease risk and stress in
a person's life.
• People under stress may overeat, start
smoking or smoke more than they
otherwise would.
 Alcohol
• Alcohol can raise blood pressure, cause
heart failure and lead to stroke.
• It contributes cancer and other diseases,
and produce irregular heartbeats.
• It contributes to obesity, alcoholism,
suicide and accidents.
Signs of a Heart Attack
 Signs

• Most heart attacks start slowly, with

mild pain or discomfort.
• Chest feels like uncomfortable pressure,
squeezing, fullness or pain.
• Discomfort in upper body in one or both
arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.
• Shortness of breath.
• Cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness
Signs of Stroke
 warning signs of stroke:

• Sudden numbness or weakness of the

face, arm or leg, especially on one side
of the body.
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
understanding.
• Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss
of balance or coordination
• Sudden, severe headache.
Signs of Cardiac Arrest
 • Strikes immediately and without
warning.
• Sudden loss of responsiveness (no
response to tapping on shoulders).
• No normal breathing
• Begin CPR immediately.
What You Can Do
 Get moving and maintain a healthy weight.

• Exercise improves heart function, lowers

blood pressure and blood cholesterol,
and boosts energy.
• Get at least 30 minutes of moderate
physical activity on most days of the
week.
• Vigorous exercise like running or doing
aerobics is better than lighter intensity
activities, but walking is a great form of
exercise.
 Stick to a nutritious, well-balanced diet

• A heart-healthy diet is low in fat,

cholesterol, and salt, and high in fruits,
vegetables, grains, and fiber.
 Control your blood pressure.

• High blood pressure makes the heart

work extra hard and hardens artery
walls.
• A BP of 140/90 mm Hg or higher is
considered high.
• 120/80 mm Hg is considered
"prehypertension“.
• Poor eating habits and physical
inactivity both contribute to high blood
pressure.
• Table salt increases average levels of
blood pressure.
 Control blood cholesterol.

• Cholesterol and triglycerides are fat-like

substances in the blood increase risk.
• Eating a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet
and engaging in physical activity can
lower cholesterol levels.
 Quit smoking.

• Ditch the cigarettes and you'll lower

your heart attack risk.
• If you don't smoke, don't start.
• Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in
tobacco smoke increases the risk that
your arteries will harden.
• Smokers have 2x more the risk of having
a heart attack as non-smokers.
• Smokers who have a heart attack are
more likely to die than non-smokers who
have a heart attack.
 Minimize stress.

• Learn stress management

• Stress speeds up the heart rate.
• People with heart disease have a heart
attack during times of stress.
Ingatan ang puso!
Thank You.