Departement of Pediatrics
RS Bhayangkara Tk. I Raden Said Sukanto Jakarta
Introduction
Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children
1 and adolescents
Intake of food
Controlled by
hypothalamus
Long-term Short-term
control of control of
dietary intake dietary intake
Definition
Obesity
• A disorder or disease characterized by
excessive accumulation of body fat tissue
Overweight
• Being overweight compared to the ideal
weight that can be caused by
accumulation of fat tissue or non-fat
tissue. Eg: Weightlifting athletes
muscular hyperthropy
Obesity
Criteria
Measurement of
Weight/ Body Mass
subcutaneous
Height Index (BMI)
fat
Energy expenditure
Idiopathic
(primary obesity/ nutritional) Endogenous factors
Sosioeconomic
Pathophysiology
Obesity &
Obesity & energy Obesity & adipocyte
neurobehavioral
balance abnormalities
abnornalities
Calculate BMI
Family History
• Parental obesity, the presence of cardiovascular or diabetes type 2 in the
family
Diet
• Indentify the person who is feeding the child, high calories consumtion
Activities
• Physical activity, playing time, time that used to watch television or playing
video games
Treatment
Principles of obesity management
Based on the pathophysiology of reducing intake and increasing energy expenditure.
Komponen Keterangan
Menetapkan target Mula-mula 2,5 sampai 5 kg, atau dengan kecepatan 0,5-2 kg per
penurunan berat badan bulan
Pengaturan diet Nasihat diet yang mencantumkan jumlah kalori per hari dan anjuran
komposisi lemak, protein, dan karbohidrat.
Aktivitas fisik Awalnya disesuaikan tingkat kebugaran anak dengan tujuan akhir 20-
30 menit per hari diluar aktivitas fisik di sekolah
Keterlibatan keluarga Analisis ulang aktivitas keluarga, pola menonton televisi; melibatkan
orang tua dalam konsultasi gizi
Treatment
Physical Activity Behaviour Parental/Family Intensive
Diet Control
Control Modification Involvement Therapy