SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI DAN

KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI
DI INDONESIA
Prof. Krishna S Pribadi
KK MRK, FTSL - ITB

Seminar Nasional Peningkatan Transparansi dan

Akuntabilitas Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan
Barang/Jasa Pemerintah di Sektor Konstruksi
31 Oktober, 2017, Hotel Royal Kuningan, Jakarta
 SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI
1 Sektor ekonomi yang mengubah
sumberdaya menjadi infrastruktur fisik
untuk melayani kegiatan ekonomi dan
sosial masyarakat di suatu negara

PERAN EKONOMI SEKTOR

2 KONSTRUKSI
Salah satu dari 5 sektor teratas, ber
kontribusi 10% dari PDB nasional
dengan pertumbuhan di atas 6 %
melebihi pertumbuhan PDB nasionall

TANTANGAN SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI

3
Menghasilkan infrastruktur secara efisien
yang bernilai tambah tinggi bagi
masyarakat melalui proses ramping dan
transparan, memenuhi kaidah etika bisnis
yang adil
Industri Konstruksi di
Indonesia
 Statistik Industri Konstruksi Nasional
Registered Construction Number of Professional Number of Skilled
Companies (Including Engineers (2016)
3.303
Workers (2016)
Medium,
Consulting)
Large,
19.557,
46.061
1.628,
1% 12%
70.946 64.541 47.74
203.69
1

Small, 1st Class 2nd Class

Senior Middle
138.816,
87%
Number of Integrated
Number of Foreign Services Contractors
Contractors OTHER COUNTRIES
Number of Construction OTHER COUNTRIES VIET NAM
VIET NAM
Workers i SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
MALAYSIA
8,500,000 8,208,086 MALAYSIA
8,000,000 JAPAN
JAPAN
7,500,000 7,280,086 SOUTH KOREA
SOUTH KOREA
6,851,291
7,000,000 CHINA CHINA
6,340,000 6,349,387
6,500,000
6,000,000 5,590,000 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30
2016 2016
5,500,000
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Jumlah Badan Usaha Jasa Konstruksi
Jumlah Badan Usaha Jasa Konstruksi Teregistrasi di
LPJK per Sept. 2017
200,000
180,000 6,200
160,000
140,000 7,581 7,977
120,000
5,753 6,267 BUJK Konsultan
100,000
182,000
80,000
4,707 136,358 139,606
60,000 BUJK Pelaksana
104,912 106,190
40,000 Konstruksi
67,462
20,000
-
2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
 Category Qualification Minimum Number Level of Ratio
Education Degree + as of Sept. Responsibility
years of experience 2017
Engineer/exper Principal Engineer Bachelor (Eng) + 10 4,910 Top level
1
t Associate Engineer Bachelor (Eng) + 6 82,351 87,261
Junior Engineer Bachelor (Eng) + 1 78,651
Medium
D3 (Eng) + 3
level 3.6
Total Engineer (2.3% of total workforce) 165,912
314,886
Technician/ Class 1 D3 (Eng) + 1 236.235
Craftsman Class 2 SHS vocational+2 46.388
SHS general + 3 Operatives
1.2
Class 3 JHS + 2 62.582 108,970
ES + 3
Total Technician/Crafts (4.8% of total workforce) 345.205
Total non certified (non skilled worker) (92.9% of total 6.651.640 76.2
workforce)

Ratio antara top level, medium, operatives dan non-skilled workers

1: 3.6: 1.2 : 76.2.
Gambaran Umum Pasar Konstruksi Indonesia
Value of Completed Construction 2011-2015
700

600

500
Trillions Rp.

400

300

200

100

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*

Building Construction Civil Engineering Special Construction

Construction market size: Infrastructure Budget Sources 2015-2019
Rp 5,519 Tr = USD 415 Bn
• 2015-infrastructure devp. budget
Rp 5,519 trillion (~USD 415 bn) National Govt
• Construction market value 30.70%
40.10% Local Govt
• USD 102.64 bn in 2017 SOE
• USD 136.26 bn by 2021. Private
19.30%
Number of people working in 9.90%

construction :
• 7,707,297 in 2015,
• 7,707,297 in 2016
• 7,162,968 in 2017
• 5.75% from the total workforce
Pembinaan Industri Konstruksi Indonesia
Kemen Pekerjaan
Other Umum dan Layanan
Private Sector Other
Other Government
Government Perumahan Rakyat Registrasi
Government
Ministries as
(PUPR)
Owners Ministries
Owners Konsultasi
Ministries

Direktorat Jendral
Bina Konstruksi LPJK
(DJBK)
Building Infrastructure
Projects Projects

Construction
Contractor
Professional
Contractors Associations
A/ E / CM Contractors
Contractors
Associations
A/A/E E/ CM
/ CM
companies
companies
companies Engineering
Sub Consultants Academia
Sub
Sub /Experts
Suppliers
Suppliers Contractors Associations
Suppliers Contractors
Contractors

Supplier
Construction Associations
Keterwakilan Workforce
Tantangn Sektor Konstruksi di Indonesia
“Jasa Konstruksi Masih Sarat Korupsi”
“…. data KPK, jenis perkara kasus korupsi dalam
pengadaan barang dan jasa menduduki urutan kedua
terbesar setelah kasus penyuapan, yakni berjumlah 145
kasus sejak 2004 hingga 2016, sementara penyuapan
berjumlah 228 kasus….”
“…data Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/ Jasa
Pemerintah (LKPP) menyebutkan masih ada 70% paket
pengadaan barang dan jasa oleh pemerintah yang belum
transparan karena tidak dilelang secara elektronik dalam
dua tahun terakhir…”
“….World Bank menyatakan bahwa kebocoran dalam
pengadaan barang dan jasa berkisar 10% hingga 50%,
terutama di sektor konstruksi”….
http://industri.bisnis.com/read/20160310/45/526933/jas
a-konstruksi-masih-sarat-korupsi, 2016
 Tantangan Sektor Konstruksi : Membangun
keterbukaan sebagai bagian dari good governance
pada seluruh Project Life Cycle
Manfaat Keterbukaan
Inisiatif
• Mengurangi kesalahan manajemen
dan inefisiensi serta meminimalisir
Perencanaan/P terjadinya korupsi.
Demolisi/Reno
erancangan
vasi
• Memperbesar peluang kerjasama
Keterbukaan dalam pengembangan infrastruktur
Informasi publik di Indonesia.
• Meningkatkan kepercayaan
Pemanfaatan/
Pelaksanaan masyarakat pada kinerja pemerintah.
Pemeliharaan
• Menciptakan perubahan sehingga
Commissioning dapat memperbaiki nilai mata uang.
• Memperbaiki pelayanan dan kualitas
infrastruktur.
Peran Masyarakat dalam Jasa Konstruksi
(UU 2/2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi)
Peran Masyarakat dalam Jasa Konstruksi
(UU 2/2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi)

• Launched in 2012, CoST
What is CoST?
The Construction Sector
Transparency Initiative (CoST) works
with governments, industry and
local communities around
the world to get better value from
public infrastructure investment by
increasing transparency and
accountability.
• CoST is a multi-stakeholder
initiative with 15
participating countries
spanning four continents.
grew out of the lessons
learnt from a three-year
pilot programme which
tested the viability of a new
transparency and
accountability process in
eight countries.
http://www.constructiontransparency.org/
documentdownload.axd?documentresourc
eid=165
CoST
Country Study: Indonesia

By Krishna S. Pribadi, Siti Farah Fauziah, and Nur Asty Pratiwi

2016
Public Infrastructure Transparency,
in Policy and in Practice
Legislation, Policies, Regulations and Initiatives Concerning Transparency
in Public Infrastructure
Government Initiatives related to Transparency
in Public Infrastructure
 Persyaratan Minimum Informasi Publik
menurut CoST
Informasi yang harus
Tahap Proyek Informasi yang harus diungkapkan Tahap Kontrak
diungkapkan
Tanggal Terakhir diperbarui Tanggal Terakhir diperbarui
Nomor Referensi Entitas Pengadaan
Rincian Kontak Entitas
Pemilik Proyek
Pengadaan
Sektor, Subsektor Proses Pengadaan
Identifikasi
Nama Proyek Jenis Kontrak
Proyek
Lokasi Proyek Status Kontrak (saat ini)
Jumlah Perusahaan yang
Tujuan
mengikuti Proses pengadaan
Pengadaan
Deskripsi Proyek Estimasi Biaya
Cakupan Proyek (main output ) Entitas Administrasi Kontrak
Dampak Lingkungan Judul Kontrak
Dampak Lahan dan Pemukiman Kontrak Perusahaan
Rincian Kontak Kontrak Harga
Persiapan Proyek Sumber Pendanaan Kontrak Cakupan Pekerjaan
Kontrak Tanggal Mulai dan Durasi
Anggaran Proyek
Pekerjaan

Tanggal Persetujuan Anggaran Proyek Variasi dari harga kontrak

Status Proyek (saat ini) Peningkatan dari harga kontrak

Biaya Penyelesaian (perkiraan) Variasi dari durasi kontrak
Tanggal Penyelesaian (perkiraan) Implementasi Variasi dari cakupan kontrak
Cakupan Proyek yang Diselesaikan
Penyelesaian Alasan perubahan harga
(perkiraan)
Proyek
Alasan perubahan durasi dan
Alasan Perubahan pada Proyek
cakupan kontrak
Acuan yang Digunakan dalam Proses
Audit dan Evaluasi
Comparison between Indonesian Policy and CoST
Requirements and Gaps to be Addressed
CoST The profile of the Public
PROJECT Requirement
PHASE PROJECT DATA CONTRACT PHASE CONTRACT DATA
Last updated Date (1 item) Date Agency
Reference number Procuring entity
Project Identification
(7 items)
Project owner
Procurement
Procuring entity contact details A summary program:
Sector, subsector Procurement process
Project name
Project Location
(13 items) Contract type
Contract status (current)
•the program name
Purpose
Project description
Number of firms tendering
Cost estimate •the person in charge
•targets
Project Scope (main output) Contract administration entity
Project Preparation Environmental impact Contract title
(7 items) Land and settlement impact Contract firm(s)
Contact details
Funding sources
Contract price
Contract scope of work •schedules
•budgets
Project Budget Contract start date and duration
Project budget approval date
Project status (current) Variation to contract price
Project Completion
(6 items)
Completion cost (projected)
Completion date (projected)
Implementation
(6 items)
Escalation of contract price
Variation to contract duration
•an important agenda
Scope at completion (projected) Variation to contract scope
Reasons for project changes Reasons for price changes
Reference to audit and evaluation reports Reasons for scope and duration changes
Realization report:
More spesific •balance sheets
•cash flow statement
Too Broad/General

@CoSTransparency

CoST menetapkan 41 item informasi sebagai

persyaratan minimum keterbukaan informasi
 Perbandingan CoST minimum requirement
dengan praktek KIP Indonesia
PPID
CoST Regulation Ministry of Ministry of KPPIP LPSE
Transportation Public Works
Project Identification
programme
Date Project name the value of investments
name
No available
Reference number Person in charge start date financing schemes
data,
Project owner target end date information location
Sector, subsector schedule Contractor obtained person in charge of the
Project name Budget through the the plan began construction

Project Location Important agenda the plan begins operation

Purpose the project description

the significance of the
Project description
project
Project Preparation
Project Scope (main output)
Environmental impact
Reference number Person in charge start date financing schemes
data,
Project owner target end date information location
Perbandingan CoST minimum requirement
Sector, subsector
Project name
schedule
Budget
Contractor obtained
through the
person in charge of the
the plan began construction
dengan praktek
Project Location Important agenda
KIP Indonesiathe plan begins operation
Purpose PPID the project description
CoST Regulation Ministry of KPPIPof the
Ministry of the significance LPSE
Project description
Transportation Public Works project
Project
Project Preparation
Identification
Project Scope (main output) programme
Date
Environmental impact Project name the value of investments
name
Land and settlement impact land acquisition and follow-
No available
Contact
Referencedetails
number Person in charge start date financing schemes
Funding sources data,
Project
Project owner
Budget target end date information location
Sector,
Project subsector
budget approval date schedule Contractor obtained person in charge of the
Completion
Project name Budget through the the plan began construction
the final status
Project
Project status (current)
Location Important agenda of the project. the
the status of theoperation
plan begins project

Completion cost (projected) actual cost

Purpose the project description
Completion date (projected)
Scope the significance of the
Projectatdescription
completion
Reasons for project changes project
Reference to audit and
Project Preparation
evaluation reports
Project
ContractScope (main output)
(Procurement)
Environmental impact the contract
Date Procurement Code
Land and settlement impact land acquisition and follow-
Contact details
Funding sources

Perbandingan CoST minimum requirement

Project Budget
Project budget approval date

dengan praktek KIP Indonesia

Project Completion

Project status (current)

the final status
of the project.
the status of the project

Completion cost (projected) actual cost

Completion date (projected) PPID
Scope at completion
CoST
Reasons for project changes Regulation Ministry of Ministry of KPPIP LPSE
Reference to audit and
evaluation reports Transportation Public Works
Contract (Procurement)
Project Identification the contract
Date Procurement Code
programme
value
Date
Procuring entity Project name Budget the value of investments Procurement name
name
Procuring entity contact
Current status
details No available
Reference number
Procurement process
Person in charge start date financing schemes
data, Procuring entity
Contract type Work units
Project owner
Contract status (current) target end date information location Categories
Number of firms tendering Procurement methods
Sector, subsector schedule Contractor obtained person in charge of the
Cost estimate The method of the document
Project name Budget through the the plan began construction
Contract administration entity Evaluation Method
Contract title
Project Location the plan begins operation Qualification Method
Important agenda
Contract firm(s) Budget Type
Contract price the budget
Purpose
Contract scope of work the project description the value of the package
Contract start date The HPS value
the significance of the
Project description
Duration the type of contract
project method of payment
the fiscal year allocation
Project Preparation sources of funds
Project Scope (main output) business qualification
job location
Environmental impact qualification provision
 the type of contract
method of payment
the fiscal year allocation
sources of funds
business qualification
PPID job location
CoST Regulation Ministry of Ministry of KPPIP qualificationLPSE
provision
Transportation Public Works the number of bidders.
Project Identification
Implementation
programme
Date Project name Variation the value of investments
name
Plan and budget between No available project implementation
Variation
Referencetonumber
contract price Person in charge start date financing schemes
realization report budget and data, schedule
Project owner target contract
end datevalue information location
Sector, subsector
Escalation of contract price schedule
balance sheet Contractor obtained person in charge of the
Project name Budget through the the plan began construction
cash flow
Variation to contract duration
Project Location statement
Important agenda the plan begins operation
Variation to contract scope
Purpose the project description
Reasons for price changes
the significance of the
Project
Reasonsdescription
for scope and project
duration changes
Project Preparation
Project Scope (main output)
Environmental impact
 Perbandingan antara CoST Requirements dan LPSE
Government Units for e-Procurement/LPSE and CoST Requirements
Procurement code similar
Procurement
PROJECT PHASE PROJECT DATA CONTRACT PHASE CONTRACT DATA
name
Last updated Date (1 item) Date
Current status Reference number Procuring entity
Project Identification Project owner Procuring entity contact details
Agency (7 items) Sector, subsector Procurement Procurement process
Project name (13 items) Contract type
Work unit Project Location Contract status (current)
Category Purpose Number of firms tendering
Project description Cost estimate
Method Project Scope (main output) Contract administration entity
Project Preparation Environmental impact Contract title
Budget (7 items) Land and settlement impact Contract firm(s)
Package value Contact details
Funding sources
Contract price
Contract scope of work
Project Budget Contract start date and duration
Contract type Project budget approval date
Project status (current) Variation to contract price
Business Project Completion Completion cost (projected) Implementation Escalation of contract price
qualification (6 items) Completion date (projected) (6 items) Variation to contract duration
Scope at completion (projected) Variation to contract scope
Qualification Reasons for project changes Reasons for price changes

provision Reference to audit and evaluation reports Reasons for scope and duration changes

Number of
bidders
execute the electronic procurement process through:
h ps://lpse.pu.go.id/eproc/

@CoSTransparency
 No specific regulation in Indonesia related to
transparency in public infrastructure

level of compliance for

Indonesia regulation to
CoST IDS :
24%
Not effective
TOO BROAD

NO SPECIAL RULES FOR EACH PHASE

Beberapa kendala lainnya terkait KIP

• Kelemahan dalam
kemampuan kapasitas/skill
teknologi informasi
INDONESIA’S INTERNET USER
• Keterbatasan akses internet 21,9% POPULATION
(jaringan lemah, pemanfaat
data terbatas, upload sering
gagal)

• Malapraktek dalam e-Proc

(kerjasama orang dalam
dgn penawar , manipulasi
bandwidth, menghambat
penawar lain)
Praktek Transparansi : PPID
Praktek Transparansi : KPPIP
Example of information data disclosure published by KPPIP
Example of information data disclosure published by Ministry of
Transportation
 4 PPIDbetween Rangkasbitung - Pandeglang comp
between Maja -Rangkasbitung round 1, kmsp 8 Jakartacontract
Seweragevalue, actual(JSS)
System cost,
9 Dephub Project Kilang Minyak di Bontang
variation between budget(HVDC)
and the minus: contact num
Case Study of 20 Infratstructure Projects
5 National Road West Sumatra Province 10
11
High Voltage
contract
Direct Current
value, andSPAM
West Semarang project status
12 National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD)
name, and a
6 Repowering KN Merak miKPPIP
nus: proje
13 Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP)
Reactivation Detailed Engineering Design Rail Network
7 Issued avalibale data: budg
No. Name of Project Typical data- Pandeglang
between Rangkasbitung provided Status published data
by 14 Panimbang – Serang Toll Road
8 Jakarta Sewerage System (JSS) available data: budget the value of investments,
and project comp
1 Extention of Construction of Trestle Mensu Tanjung Datu
9 Project Kilang Minyak di Bontang 15 Kalibaru Terminal Developing Plan
status
financing schemes, location, comp
2 Samarinda Shipping Channel Dredging 10 High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) 16 availablePortperson
Sorong data: budget
Development
in charge(Sea-Toll Program)
of the project, comp
Pelindo II
3 Breakwater Rehabilitation in Makassar 11 West Semarangname,
programme SPAMstart date, end complete
the plan began construction, the comp
17 Cirebon Port Development
12 National
Dual Line railway construction in the 925-Km.68 Km.66 425 Capital Integrated Coastalname,
date, contractor Development
budget,(NCICD)
the plan begins operation, the project comp
4 PPID complete
between Maja -Rangkasbitung round 1, kmsp contract value, actual cost, 18 TollKPPI P Development Core Team Bawen - Solo -
Road
13 Dephub Development Master Plan (RDMP)
Refinery description, the significance of the
Karanganyar LPSE
comp
variation between budget and the minus: contact number, contractor PUPR
5 National Road West Sumatra Province 19 project, project implementation
Maintenance
contract value, and project status name, and actual cost of flats
schedule, the status of the
6 Repowering KN Merak minus: project status
14
Reactivation Detailed Engineering Design Rail Network Panimbang – Serang Toll Road project, land acquisition and follow- comp
7 avalibale data: budget,
Pier construction projectRo-ro
crossing status
up.traffic in Gunungsitoli LPSE
between Rangkasbitung - Pandeglang 20
Sibolga-Phase II Dephub
8 Jakarta Sewerage System (JSS) 15 Kalibaru Terminal Developing
the value Plan
of investments, complete comp
9 Project Kilang Minyak di Bontang financing schemes, location, complete
10 High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) 16
project name, site map, project minus: benefit proje
complete
Sorong Port Development (Sea-Toll
person in charge of theProgram)
project,
11 West Semarang SPAM Pelindo I complete
description, the benefit of project, additional : start
the plan began construction, the
and progress.
 Reasons for scope and duration changes
Reasons for price changes
Variation to contract scope
Variation to contract duration
Escalation of contract price
Variation to contract price
Contract start date and contract period (duration)
Contract scope of work
Contract price
Contract firm(s)
Contract title
Level

Contract administrative entity

Cost estimate
Number of firms tendering
Contract status (current)
Contract type
Procurement process
TRANSPARENCY

Procuring entity contact details

Procuring entity
Last updated
Reference to audit and evaluation reports
of Compliance

Reasons for project changes

Project Scope at completion (projected)
IN PRACTICE

Completion date (projected)

Completion cost (projected)
Project status (current)

INFORMATION TO BE DISCLOSED
Project budget approval date
Project Budget
Indonesian Regulation vs CoST IDS : 24%

Funding sources
- (IN AVERAGE)

Contact details
Land and settlement impact
Environmental impact
Project Scope (main output)
Project description
Purpose
Project Location
Project name
Sector, Subsector
Project owner
Reference number
Last updated
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
TRANSPARENCY PERCENTAGE
 TRANSPARENCY PERCENTAGE

5.00%
15.00%

0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%

Proactive
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
Project 4
Project 5
Project 6
Project 7
Project 8
Project 9
Project 10
Project 11
Project 12
Project 13
Project 14

20 SAMPLE INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

Project 15
Percentage of data points disclosure

Project 16
Project 17
Project 18
Project 19
Project 20
PHASE)
HIGHEST RANK

22%
(PROCUREMENT

Average
Projects’

Compliance
Transparency
PUSBLISHED BY LPSE
Improving information
disclosure on public
infrastructure in Indonesia
Potential factors in Indonesia that may promote
compliance to information disclosure for stakeholders

More information
demanding society willing to
The existence of The care and participate in the decision
desire to prioritize concern of the making process of
public interest. leadership. infrastructure investments
for better services

Both institutional
framework and well
Strong political will to
structured system for
promote information disclosure are
transparency. needed for high compliance.
Factors which can be considered as hindrance to
information disclosure on infrastructure investments

Leaders are less

The structure of PPID is
concerned with the
basically an ad hoc
importance of public
organization.
information.

The absence of clear The absence of systems

targets and timetables which facilitate its
related to the process members to update the
for updating public data; there is no
information. standard for reporting.
Potential barriers/challenges to improving disclosure
that could be faced during the intervention of CoST

There has been no

Decision or the desire of a The ability to translate the commitment to structural
head of an institution to be wishes of the leader to mechanism of information
transparent or not. subordinates. disclosure within the
Indonesian government

Most of Indonesian people

are not ready for such
transparent communication
due to the large immature
segment of the population,
Another concern of the
Indonesia is very
government is abuse of the
vulnerable to defamation.
accessed information
Kemungkinan penerapan CoST di Indonesia

Current Practice in Indonesia

Room for improvement

CoST Requirement BIG GAP

 Applicability and viability of CoST in Indonesia

Regulatory Build system/websites More structural

framework need to be which are easy to institutional design
strengthened navigate and use (not ad hoc)

CoST Intervention
Develop and
Introducing Implement
Transparency Demonstration
Project
Kemungkinan penerapan CoST di
Indonesia
Infrastruktur jalan
sebagai salah satu
infrastruktur strategis

National
Academic
Institutions

NGOs
Examples of Non-Governmental
Organization related to Transparency in
Public Infrastructure
 •Existence of earlier regulations/policies
•Indonesia's involvement in the OCP OGP
•Cost has experiences in improving the
transparency.
•Some infrastructure-related sectors have
already started implementing
transparency.
•Freedom given by the mass media in
delivering the aspirations
Int SWOT Analysis for CoST Intervention in Indonesia
• Lack of political commitment and support
• Lack of technical assistance and conceptual
guidelines and methodologies
• Limited financial resources required to execute
initiatives
• Low capacity in terms of human resources; lack of
adequate training
• Diverse points of conflict between government
and civil society stakeholders
• Lack of shared agreement among stakeholders
• Not enough commitment to structural mechanism
within the government
• Institutions use media only as a one-way
broadcast mechanism
-
+ •High possibilities to receive
support from community or
international organizations
•Possibility to form networks for
collaborating and sharing
knowledge with other countries
•Ability to work jointly with CSOs
•Indonesia has a desire to build
public transparency related to
infrastructure
Ext
•Periodic changes in government increase
risk to process disruption
•Difficulties in complying with commitments
•People are not prepared to response to
openness
•High levels of corruption in Indonesia made
a lot of political interest
•Election system and local elections makes
political parties vulnerable to corrupt
practices for collecting large amount of funds
 PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENERAPAN
KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK PADA
PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA
(Studi Kasus: Program Hibah/AIIG Peningkatan Kinerja dan
Pemeliharaan Jalan Provinsi/PRIM di Provinsi NTB)
Riset di FTSL ITB (2017)
Krishna S Pribadi dan Nur Asty Pratiwi
Program Hibah AIIG Peningkatan Kinerja dan
Pemeliharaan Jalan Provinsi/PRIM di Provinsi NTB
• Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan
yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat, dan mendorong
pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan alokasi dana pada
sektor jalan, terutama pada pemeliharaan jalan.
• Kegiatan didanai Hibah melalui Kemitraan Indonesia dan
Australia untuk Infrastruktur (KIAT) untuk proyek Peningkatan
Kinerja dan Pemeliharaan Jalan Daerah
• Lingkup Kegiatan :
• Pemeliharaan rutin jalan termasuk Backlog and Minor Works, Backlog
Minimum.
• Pemeliharaan berkala jalan.
• Rehabilitasi dan peningkatan jalan.
Organisasi Proyek PRIM
Syarat Donor untuk Keterbukaan Informasi Publik
dari Proyek PRIM
• Penyediaan Situs Website untuk Program PRIM -
DPUP, PIU (initial set-up and ongoing maintenance
ofinformation)

• Diseminasi Informasi Program- DPUP, PIU, PP

• Pengadaan secara Elektronik /e-Procurement- LPSE-

NTB, PIU, Dinas PUPR Provinsi, PPK
 PERBANDINGAN
Syarat CoST dan Praktik Pemerintah NTB
CoST Pemerintah Nusa Tenggara Barat
Informasi
Informasi yang harus Dipublikasikan Pemilik Website
T ahap Proyek T idak Keterangan
diungkapkan papan nama Resmi
website resmi Dipublikasikan
proyek

Tersedia di papan nama

T anggal Terakhir diperbarui P proyek, namun terkadang
tidak diperbarui/tidak diisi

Bina Marga Prov.

Nomor Referensi P
NTB
LPSE Prov. NTB
Pemilik Proyek P P
dan SIRUP
Sektor, Subsektor P LPSE Prov. NTB
LPSE Prov. NTB
Nama Proyek P P
dan SIRUP

Identifikasi Bina Marga Prov.

Proyek Lokasi Proyek P P NTB, LPSE Prov.
NTB dan SIRUP

Tujuan P P SIRUP

Bina Marga Prov.

NTB (Manual
Deskripsi Proyek P P Manajemen
Proyek) dan
SIRUP

Bina Marga Prov.

Cakupan Proyek (main NTB (Manual
P P
output ) Manajemen
Proyek)

Dampak Lingkungan P
Dampak Lahan dan
P
Pemukiman
Persiapan
Proyek Rincian Kontak P FLLAJ Prov. NTB

LPSE Prov. NTB

Sumber Pendanaan P P
dan SIRUP
Anggaran Proyek P LPSE Prov. NTB

Bina Marga Prov.

Tanggal Persetujuan NTB (Manual
P
Anggaran Proyek Manajemen
Proyek)

Tersedia di papan nama

Status Proyek (saat ini) P proyek, namun terkadang
tidak diperbarui/tidak diisi

Biaya Penyelesaian
P
(perkiraan)
Tanggal Penyelesaian
P
Penyelesaian (perkiraan)
Proyek Cakupan Proyek yang
P
Diselesaikan (perkiraan)
Alasan Perubahan pada
P
Proyek
Acuan yang Digunakan
dalam Proses Audit dan P
Evaluasi
 PERBANDINGAN
Syarat CoST dan Praktik Pemerintah NTB
CoST Pemerintah Nusa Tenggara Barat
Informasi
Informasi yang harus Dipublikasikan Pemilik Website
Tahap Kontrak Tidak Keterangan
diungkapkan papan nama Resmi
website resmi Dipublikasikan
proyek
Tanggal Terakhir diperbarui P
Entitas Pengadaan P
Rincian Kontak Entitas
P
Pengadaan
LPSE Prov. NTB
Proses Pengadaan P
dan SIRUP
Jenis Kontrak P LPSE Prov. NTB
Status Kontrak (saat ini) P
Jumlah Perusahaan yang
mengikuti Proses P LPSE Prov. NTB
pengadaan

Bina Marga Prov.

NTB (Manual
Estimasi Biaya P Manajemen
Proyek) dan
LPSE Prov. NTB
Pengadaan
Entitas Administrasi
P
Kontrak
Judul Kontrak P P LPSE Prov. NTB
Kontrak Perusahaan P LPSE Prov. NTB

Bina Marga Prov.

NTB (Manual
Kontrak Harga P P Manajemen
Proyek) dan
LPSE Prov. NTB

Bina Marga Prov.

Kontrak Cakupan NTB (Manual
P P
Pekerjaan Manajemen
Proyek)

Kontrak Tanggal Mulai dan Bina Marga Prov.

P P
Durasi Pekerjaan NTB
Variasi dari harga kontrak P
Peningkatan dari harga Bina Marga Prov.
P
kontrak NTB
Variasi dari durasi kontrak P
Implementasi Variasi dari cakupan
P
kontrak
Alasan perubahan harga P
Alasan perubahan durasi
P
dan cakupan kontrak
 SIAPAKAH TARGET
PENYEDIAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK ?
Peraturan menyatakan bahwa target penyediaan informasi adalah
SELURUH MASYARAKAT tanpa terkecuali

Masyarakat •Masyarakat yang akan terkena dampak dari

adanya pembangunan ataupun perbaikan
Umum infrastruktur publik (khususnya infrastruktur jalan)

Masyarakat •Masyarakat yang menerima manfaat dari adanya

pembangunan ataupun perbaikan infrastruktur
Pemakai publik (jalan), baik secara langsung (pengguna
jalan), maupun tidak langsung (pelaku ekonomi
(beneficiaries) yang diuntungkan dengan adanya jalan)

•Masyarakat yang membutuhkan informasi publik

untuk keperluan pengembangan di bidang
Akademisi pengetahuan pembangunan ataupun perbaikan
infrastruktur publik (khususnya infrastruktur jalan)

•Masyarakat yang memiliki pemahaman mendalam

Penyusun dan menjadikan isu-isu tertentu tentang
kebijakan pembangunan ataupun perbaikan infrastruktur publik
(jalan) sebagai dasar pembentukkan kebijakan.

•Pemberi dana pembangunan ataupun

Donor perwakilannya.

•Masyarakat yang memanfaatkan suatu instrumen

Media tertentu untuk mempublikasikan informasi untuk
pengguna informasi lainnya.
5 PERINGKAT TERATAS KENDALA KIP
1.Indikator A29 - Tingkat korupsi yang tinggi di Indonesia menghasilkan
banyak kepentingan politik

2.Indikator A13 - Kapasitas rendah dalam hal sumber daya manusia

dan kurangnya pelatihan yang memadai tentang penyediaan
informasi secara terbuka

3.Indikator A25 - Tidak ada ketentuan/standar umum mengenai data

dan informasi apa saja yang harus dipublikasikan. Kesepakatan
bersama antar badan publik mengenai standar pelaporan umum sulit
dicapai karena masing-masing pihak memiliki standar masing-masing
dan mungkin enggan untuk melakukan perubahan.

4.Indikator A3 - Sosialisasi mengenai akses untuk memperoleh informasi

publik masih kurang.

5.Indikator A16 - Kurangnya bantuan teknis serta pedoman konseptual

dan metodologi mengenai sifat keterbukaan dan bagaimana
memasukkannya ke dalam kebijakan publik.
 Kategori Jenis
ANALISIS STATISTIK Tahap Proyek Kode Data Proyek Informasi
Pembaruan

Umum Progresif Berkala Insidental

B1 Tanggal terakhir informasi diperbarui P
B3 Data pemilik proyek P P
B4 Sektor/subsektor P P
Identifikasi Proyek B5 Nama proyek P P
(6 item) B6 Lokasi proyek P P

35 PROAKTIF
B7 Tujuan proyek P P
B8 Deskripsi proyek P P
B12 Cakupan proyek (hasil utama proyek) P P
JENIS B13 Dampak lingkungan P P
INFORMASI Persiapan Proyek B14 Dampak terhadap lahan dan pemukiman P P
PUBLIK (6 item) B16 Sumber pendanaan P P
B17 Anggaran proyek P P
B20 Rencana pengadaan P P
B52 Status proyek (saat ini) P P
B53 Biaya saat selesai (perkiraan) P P
Penyelesaian B54 Tanggal penyelesaian (perkiraan) P P
Proyek
B55 Cakupan proyek saat selesai (perkiraan) P P
(6 item)
B56 Alasan adanya perubahan pada proyek P P
B58 Laporan kemajuan pelaksanaan P P
Kategori Jenis
Pembaruan
Tahap Kontrak Kode Data Proyek Informasi
Umum Progresif Berkala Insidental
B22 Tanggal terakhir informasi diperbarui P
B25 Proses/metode pengadaan P P
B26 Jenis kontrak P P
B27 Status kontrak (saat ini) P P
Proses Kontrak B28 Jumlah perusahaan yang mengikuti proses P P
Pengadaan Proyek B29 Estimasi biaya P P
(9 item) B33 Kontrak harga P P
B34 Kontrak cakupan pekerjaan P P
B35 Kontrak tanggal mulai dan durasi pekerjaan P P
B40 Spesifikasi dan gambar P P
B42 Peningkatan harga kontrak P P
Proses B43 Variasi durasi kontrak P P
Implementasi B44 Variasi cakupan kontrak P P
Kontrak B45 Alasan perubahan harga P P
(6 item) B46 Alasan perubahan durasi dan cakupan kontrak P P
B49 Laporan jaminan mutu P P
 Kategori Jenis
ANALISIS STATISTIK Tahap Proyek Kode Data Proyek Informasi
Pembaruan
Umum Progresif Berkala Insidental

28 REAKTIF
B2 Nomor referensi P P
Identifikasi Proyek B10 Program dan anggaran tahun jamak P P
(4 item) B11 Ringkasan hasil studi kelayakan P P
jenis B9 Data pejabat proyek dan perannya P P
informasi B15 Rincian kontak P P
P P
publik Persiapan Proyek B18 Tanggal persetujuan anggaran proyek
(4 item) B21 Keputusan persetujuan proyek P P
B19 Rencana pemukiman kembali dan kompensasi P P
Acuan yang digunakan untuk mengaudit dan
B57 P P
mengevaluasi proyek
Penyelesaian B59 Keputusan amandemen anggaran P P
Proyek B60 Laporan penyelesaian proyek P P
(6 item) B61 Laporan evaluasi proyek P P
B62 Laporan audit teknis P P
B63 Laporan audit keuangan P P
Kategori Jenis
Pembaruan
Tahap Kontrak Kode Data Proyek Informasi
Umum Progresif Berkala Insidental
B23 Entitas pengadaan P P
B24 Rincian kontak entitas pengadaan P P
B30 Entitas administrasi kontrak P P
Proses Kontrak B31 Judul kontrak P P
Pengadaan Proyek B32 Kontrak perusahaan P P
(9 item) B36 Pejabat dan peran dalam kontrak P P
B37 Dokumen tender P P
B38 Hasil evaluasi tender P P
B39 Laporan desain proyek P P
B41 Variasi harga kontrak P P
Proses B47 Daftar variasi, perubahan, dan amandemen P P
Implementasi Daftar persetujuan eskalasi (penambahan
B48 P P
Kontrak jumlah/volume/dsb)
(5 item) B50 Catatan pencairan atau amandemen kontrak P P
B51 Amandemen kontrak P P
TIMELINE PENYEDIAAN DATA DAN INFORMASI
Masyarakat berhak memohon informasi publik tanpa ada batas waktu.
Namun untuk sanggahan, keberatan, dan penolakan hanya dapat diutarakan sebelum
masing-masing proses pada project life cycle dilaksanakan.

informasi kontrak
pengadaan proyek informasi penyelesaian
informasi identifikasi proyek proyek

Inisiasi Perencanaan Persiapan Pengadaan Pelaksanaan Penyelesaian

informasi persiapan proyek informasi implementasi

kontrak proyek
MEDIA PENYEDIAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK REAKTIF
Media utama yang digunakan untuk menyediakan informasi proaktif adalah website atau
situs resmi.

USULAN MEDIA BERDASARKAN 5 PERINGKAT TERATAS

1. Indikator C10 – Hotline SMS (layanan aduan dengan respon cepat melalui pesan
singkat)

2. Indikator C6 – Forum Dialog/Konsultasi Publik yang melibatkan pemerintah dan

masyarakat untuk
bersama-sama mengidentifikasi masalah sebelum membuat kebijakan serta menjadi
kesempatan pemerintah untuk mendiskusikan kebutuhan masyarakat akan kebijakan
tersebut.

3. Indikator C14 – Media massa baik cetak maupun online (koran, majalah, tabloid, dan
lain-lain)
4. Indikator C4 – Penyediaan data/informasi offline yang dikemas dengan menarik
(tidak hanya berisi tulisan dan angka) dan dengan pemilihan kata yang mudah
dimengerti oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat

5. Indikator C11 – Layanan aduan dengan respon cepat melalui aplikasi pengirim pesan
instan yang dapat digunakan pada berbagai platform seperti smartphone, tablet, dan
komputer
REKOMENDASI PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENERAPAN KIP
YANG DAPAT DITERAPKAN PADA PROGRAM PRIM DI PROVINSI NTB

MELIBATKAN
MEKANISME:
Matriks Rekomendasi Pengembangan Model Keterbukaan Informasi publik (KIP)
yang dapat diterapkan pada Program PRIM di Provinsi NTB
Lanjutan Tabel Matriks Rekomendasi Pengembangan Model Keterbukaan Informasi publik (KIP)
yang dapat diterapkan pada Program PRIM di Provinsi NTB
PENUTUP
• Sektor konstruksi di Indonesia masih perlu
meningkatkan KIP untuk meningkatkan good
governance dalam rangka meningkatkan efisiensi
pembangunan infrastruktur publik serta
meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat
• Untuk meningkatkan efektifitas KIP dalam sektor
konstruksi, perlu diperkuat kerangka peraturan
perundangan dan institutional
• Uji coba KIP di Propinsi NTB menunjukkan arah
yang baik dan dapat diperluas ke daerah lain.
Terima aksih atas perhatiannya