I
International Tourism, Number of Arrivals
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
27437000
24577000 24714000 25033000 25715000
10000000
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
3
Contribution tourism sector
on GDP (Ministry of culture and Tourism)
4
Contribution of Tourism Sector to Indonesia's GDP (billion)
2014 391.49
2013 365.02
2012 326.24
2011 296.97
2010 261.06
5
Introduction
Research Problems
Purpose of Research
What is the the impact
of income per capita,
Knowing the impact of number of foreign
income per capita, number tourists,
of foreign tourists, average average length to stay ,
length to stay , and and occupancy
occupancy rate of the rate of the hotel against
hotel against the regional the regional revenue in
revenue in 9 provinces in 9 provinces in
Indonesia
Indonesia.
6
II
Theoretical
Basis Per capita income is average
income earned by per person
in a given area such a city,
region, country in a specified
year. It’s calculated by dividing
the area’s total income by it’s
total population. The
increasing of average income
will increase the local revenue
as well.
8 8
Theoretical
Based on Law No.10 of 2009,
Basis tourism is various tourism
activities that supported by
various facilities and services
provided by the community,
businessman, government,
and local government. Tourism
is a temporary trip by people
from place to place with plan
and no intention to make a
living in the visited place.
9 9
Theoretical
Basis According to Kawedar, 2008,
regional revenue consists of
regional taxes, regional levies,
regional wealth management
which is being separated and
other legimate income.
10 10
Theoretical According to United Nation
World Tourim Organization
Basis (UNWTO), foreign tourists is
any person travelling to
foreign country less than a
year, motivated by a primary
purpose (business, vacation or
other personal purposes),
except working with the
residents of the visited country.
The increasing of foreign
tourists will also increase the
amount of received taxes.
11 11
Theoretical Muqqadas, A. Azinar, A. Karim
Saleh and Madris (2011) said
Basis that the hotel occupancy rates
significantly influence the
amount of received hotel taxes
that directly will increase the
regional revenue. It’s calculated
by dividing the total number of
rooms occupied by the total
number of rooms available in
percent.
12 12
Theoretical
Basis Average length of stay is
calculated by dividing total
length of stay by the total
number of reservations.
Average length of stay consists
of average length of stay for
foreign guests, domestic
guests and total guests.
13 13
Theoretical
Basis
Accomodation is a business
using a building or part of it
that specially prepared for
anyone to stay, eat, and obtain
other services and facilities
with payment.
14 14
Neal Creative © Neal Creative | click & Learn more
Pooled least square Fixed Effect Model
Chow Test
Hausman Test
LM Test
H0 : Homoskedastik H1 : Heteroskedastik
CD Test
H0 : Heteroskedastik H1 : SUR
CS Weight CS SUR
Vidya Dwi Anggitasari Aliandi, Herniwati Retno
Handayani (2014)
Pidelis Murib, Debby C. Rotinsulu, Dan Krest D.
Tolosang (2016)
Denny Cessario Sutrisno (2013)
Devilian Fitri,Dr. Ansofino, M. Si, Desi Areva, M. Pd
(2014)
Per capita income
Regional revenue
Number of foreign
tourist
Number of
accomodation facilities
“ Hypothesis
23
III
Methodology Location Time
The study was conducted in
9 provinces in Indonesia:
North Sumatera,
Riau, Riau Islands
, DKI Jakarta, Central Java,
Technique of Data DIY, East Java, Bali, NTB
Analysis on 2010 - 2014
25
General Model of Data Panel
6 Mean 2.27e-17
Median 0.009053
5 Maximum 0.190041
Minimum -0.235405
4
Std. Dev. 0.096800
3 Skewness -0.305385
Kurtosis 2.573457
2
Jarque-Bera 1.017462
1
Probability 0.601258
0
-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
CROSSID Effect
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = -31.2006 1 East Java 1.944674
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) - 2 Central Java 1.895059
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 3 Yogyakarta 1.054706
0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) + 4 Riau -0.573268
5 North Sumatra 1.088480
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) + 6 Riau Island -3.963515
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION) + 7 Jakarta -2.188963
[CX=F] 8 Bali -0.981841
West Nusa
9 Tenggara 1.286876
Cross-sectional
Model:
1. East Java
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --29.2559+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
2. Central Java
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = -29.3055+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
Cross-sectional
Model:
3. Yogyakarta
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --30.1459+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
4. Riau
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --31.7739+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
Cross-sectional
Model:
5. North Sumatera
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = -30.1121+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
6. Riau Island
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --35.1641+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
Cross-sectional
Model:
7. Jakarta
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --33.3895+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
8. Bali
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --32.1824+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
Cross-sectional
Model:
9. West Nusa Tenggara
LOG(REAL_LOCAL_REVENUE) = --29.9137+
2.5945*LOG(INCOME_PER_CAPITA) -
0.0081*ROOM_OCCUPANCY_RATE + 0.0291*LOG(AVERAGE_STAY) +
0.4327*LOG(FOREIGN_TOURIST_ARR) +
0.5818*LOG(NUMBER_ACCOMODATION)
Time Series
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
• Every 1 percent increase in Per capita income , Regional Revenue
increased by 2,59 percent while other variable assumptions are
constant.
• Every 1 percent increase in Number of foreign tourist , Regional
Revenue increased by 0,43 percent while other variable
assumptions are constant.
• Every 1 percent increase in Number of accomodation facilities ,
Regional Revenue increased by 0,58 percent while other variable
assumptions are constant.
• R2 = 0.99. That is, the size of changes in regional revenue
variability due to variability of independent variables together.
• DW = 1.61. Approaching 2, indicates the absence of
autocorrelation.
“
—LEVAR BURTON
47