Applied Engineering Mechanic

Introduction

Aniendhita Rizki A, ST.MT.

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Homework Quiz UTS/UAS

 Applied Engineering Mechanic
Introduction to Matrix

Disusun berdasarkan presentasi

©Anthony Steed 1999 Aniendhita Rizki A, ST.MT.
 Matrices
• Matrix is an array of numbers with dimensions M (rows) by N
(columns)
1 2
3 4 1 2 2 4 5
5 6 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 3 4 5 6 7

Matrix : 4 by 2 Matrix: 3 by 5
Element 3,1 = (3)
Element 3,1 = (5)
 Vector
• Vector can be considered a 1 x M matrix
v  x y z
 Types of Matrix
• Diagonal matrices • Simmetrycal matrices
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
0 2 0 0
0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 3 0
0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 4
0 0 0 1 0
2 0 0 0 1
2 2 0
2 3 1
• Identity matrices (I) 0 1 4
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1
 Operation on Matrices
• Addition
• Done elementwise
1 2 3 1 2 3 2 4 6
3 2 1 + 3 2 1 = 6 4 2
2 3 1 2 3 1 4 6 2

• Transpose
• “Flip” (M by N becomes N by M)

𝑇
1 2 3 1 3 2
3 2 1 = 2 2 3
2 3 1 3 1 1
 Operation on Matrices
• Multiplication
• Only possible to multiply of dimensions
• x1 by y1 and x2 by y2 iff y1 = x2
• resulting matrix is x1 by y2
• e.g. Matrix A is 2 by 3 and Matrix by 3 by 4
• resulting matrix is 2 by 4
• Just because A x B is possible doesn’t mean B x A is possible!
 Matrix Multiplication Order
* 
• A is n by k , B is k by m   * 
 * * * * *  *   
  *
   
• C = A x B defined by   *
*
 
 


 
k
cij   ailblj
. * 
  . * 
 * * * * *  . *
  
  .
 
*  
l 1   . *   
.   
 * 
• BxA not necessarily equal to AxB
. * 
  . . 
 . . . . .  .  . * 
*
 * * * * * .
 
*  
• C = A x B , so A = B-1 x C   . *   
.   
 * 
 Example Multiplications
1x2+2x3+1x0=8

2 3 
 1 2 1    __ 8 __ 
  3  2    
  2 1 0  0 1   __ __ 
  -2 x 1 + 3 x 0 + 0 x 0 = -2

 4  2 2  0 0 1   __ __ __ 
    
 2 3 0  1 0 0    __ __ -2 
__
 1  4  3  0 1 0   __ 
    __ __ 
 Inverse of Matrix
• If A x B = I and B x A = I then
A = B-1 and B = A-1
 Inverse of Matrix
• For 2 by 2 matrix
1
a b 1  d  b
    
c d ad  bc   c a 
• So :

1
 2 4 1  __ __   __ __ 
       
3 1 (__)  (__)  __ __   __ __ 

• Sometimes it needs to control to the identity matrix equation

If A x B = I and B x A = I then
A = B-1 and B = A-1
 Homework - I
• Learn how to inverse 3 by 3 matrix, using determinant method
(cofactor and adjoint) or Gauss Jordan method, determine A-1
and B-1
 5  7 10   1  3 5
   
A   2 5 8  B    11 10 3 
 6  x  3  5 
   y 7

X adalah angka terakhir NRP 31131001YX

Y adalah angka kedua terakhir NRP 31131000YX