CIS8011 Digital Innovation

Module 8 – Technology Issues

Objectives

 This module discusses the following impacts (problems

and issues) related to digital innovations with regards to
 Technology
 Integration

 Management
 Course Overview
Digital Innovation
• Module 1 – Managing Innovation •
• Digital Innovation
• Skills
• Strategy
• Management Innovation
• Innovation Portfolio
• Module 2 – Product Lifecycle
• Digital Revolution
• Managerial Decision Making
• Diffusion of Innovation
• Hype Cycle
• Disruptive Innovation vs
Digital Innovation
• Competitive Advantage
• Module 3 – Organisational Growth
• How companies grow
• Five phases of growth
• Typology of Innovation
Tools & Frameworks
Module 4 – Digital Innovation: •
Feasibility & Viability
• Business Model Canvas
• Value Proposition Canvas
• Lean Canvas
• Mission Model Canvas
• Innovation Portfolio
• Module 5 – Design Thinking
• Design Thinking • Module 8 – Digital Innovation:
• Mindsets
• Modes and Methods
• Business and Design
• Module 6 – Digital Innovation:
Assessment • Module 9 – Risk
• Digital Enterprise
Transformation
• Business Readiness
Assessment
• Digital Innovation
Management Framework
Issues & Risk
Module 7 – Digital Innovation:
Organisational, Trust, Sharing &
Ethics
• Organisational
• Digital Trust
• Sharing Economy
• Digital Ethics
• Technology Issues
Technology Issues
• Technology Issues
• Integration
• Management
• Risk
• Technology Risk
Implementation
• Module 10 - Implementation
• Minimal Viable Product
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Value Chain, Value System
and Value Streams
• Horizontal and Vertical
Integration
• Implementation
Technology

 Luyckx, 1999 states human society is inextricably engaged in

a far reaching transition to an information based economy.
This is inherently a global phenomenon which is both making
and shaping the way societies perceive and respond to the
major policy challenges facing them.
 It is creating a new era where immaterial knowledge becomes
the key determinant of economic well-being. The value of
capital is increasingly based on access to knowledge not
labour. The pressure to continuously acquire new skills in
order to remain economically active has never been greater.
Mundane Technologies

 Technologies and applications which are common place

 Common usage – mass adoption
 Example
 Smart phones
 Texting, spreadsheets, slide shows, social media

 Integrated into Everyday life

 Relied upon, expected, status quo
 ubiquitous refers to availability everywhere, mundane refers
to common place
ICT Trends
 Mobile
 Form factor, capacity, availability, connectivity, experience, integration, complexity
 Cloud Computing
 Data concerns, integration and cost
 Ubiquitous Computing
 Computers so common they are used without being the focus of the activity
 Gaming
 skills, achievement, engagement
 Personalisation
 Segment of 1
 Blockchain
 is a distributed database that maintains a continuously-growing list of data records secured from tampering and revision.
It consists of data structure blocks—which hold exclusively data in initial blockchain implementations
 Microservices / API’s
 is an approach to application development in which a large application is built as a suite of modular services. Each
module supports a specific business goal and uses a simple, well-defined interface to communicate with other modules.
Combining Mundane and Emerging

 Innovation involves integrating mundane with

emerging
 Evolution
 Integration based on weakest link
 Coverage
 The connected and dependent population
Work Life Balance
 access to information 24 hours a day 7 days a week
 lines between work hours and personal hours have blurred
 Haejung Yun , William J. Kettinger & Choong C. Lee (2012) identifies that
technology which is enabling people to work anywhere is creating negative
effectives on their work-life commitments.
 organisations are benefiting from this the conflict
 “work smart” focus which enables workers to have the flexibility but also the
control to manage this new capability
 Technology is developed and released the full impact is seldom understood until
the technology has been adopted
Business

 increase in sales of smartphones access the powerful

computing power is within reach of most consumers,
as such this provides a great opportunity for
organisations to expand their capabilities towards the
mobile frontier hoping to engage and retain larger
numbers of customers.
 This commoditisation of innovations provides greater
access to both consumers and organisations.
Education

 Access to information is critical to Education

 with access to so much information and so many
capabilities this presents a distraction
 fact that a lot of the information available online is
NOT thoroughly researched and a lot of the times is
merely an individual’s interpretation or opinion
Health

 health aspect of digital innovation is tremendous, with

smart devices providing information back to health
professionals enables people access to very advanced
health care
 Technology and digital innovation can impact health
as much as they can assist.
 Everything from injuries and new conditions to anti-
social behaviour.
Psychological
 Digital innovation enables people and organisations to stay
connected and provides a conduit for communication.
 psychological benefits,
 memory training,
 reading,
 social bonds
 social networks
 however go too far and a lot of individuals are now addicted or
dependant on technology to the extent that without technology
they would not be able to cope efficiently with the world
around us
Social

 Social aspects of smartphones and cloud computing are

evident in social media, entertainment and virtual
communities.
 Social media provides a voice for consumers and an ability to
directly communicate with organisations in a public forum.
This interaction provides benefits and impacts for many
organisations as brand reputation can be harmed instantly in
a very public forum.
 exploit positive benefits or reduce negative impacts
Integration

 The integration of digital innovation such as cloud

computing, digital apps, artificial intelligence, big data,
analytics, sensors and other leading edge technology
provides both technical and business integration
issues for organisations.
 Consumers pressure organisations to adopt and
integrating the technology into the business.
Technology assimilation

 Zhu, K, Kraemer, KL & Xu, S 2006 identify three

stages of technology assimilation into an organisation
namely:
 Initiation – awareness of innovation to evaluation.
 Adoption – introduction of the technology within the
business to solve a business problem.
 Routinisation – widespread adoption of the technology.
Technology assimilation

 Zhu, K, Kraemer, KL & Xu, S 2006 identify the following key findings
from their research
 Competition - too much competition is not necessarily good for technology assimilation
because it drives firms to chase the latest technologies without learning how to use existing
ones effectively
 positively affects initiation and adoption,
 negatively impacts routinisation
 Large firms tend to enjoy resource advantages at the initiation stage, but have to overcome
structural inertia in later stages.
 We also find that economic environments shape innovation assimilation: Regulatory
environment plays a more important role in developing countries than in developed countries.
 Technology readiness is the strongest factor facilitating assimilation in developing countries.
 Technology integration is the strongest factor for assimilation in developed countries This
implies as organisations become more digital, the key determinant of its assimilation shifts
from accumulation to integration of technologies.
Management

 Data and technology are vital

assets of organisations to
provide competitive advantage.
As such the management of
these assets are critical to
ensure the maximum benefit is
being obtained from the use of
data and technology.
 Nagarajan, K (2015) outlines
an eight phase process to
manage technology from the
creation phase to the decline
phase. Figure 1 : Strategic Technology Management System Life cycle
Source: Nagarajan, K (2015)
Digital Innovation Commercialisation

 Digital innovation which is the

commercialisation of an idea also requires
management. Module 4 identified a way to
determine the feasibility and viability of an idea
and Module 5 provided a framework to develop
the idea.
 Nagarajan, K (2015) provides a process to
manage the idea from generation to
commercialisation.
Figure 2 : New development process
Source: Nagarajan, K (2015)
Module Summary

 This module introduced the technology issues, integration

issues and management issues. The impact of technology on
society has had and continues to have profound effects. In
the next few years with the introduction of artificial intelligence
and other digital innovations this will not stop. Integrating the
technology into society and organisations seems a slow
process from initiation though adoption to routinization.
Management of technology needs formalization in order to
exploit the impact, rejuvenate or retire technology.
References
Jordan, JM 2012, Information, technology, and innovation resources for growth in a connected world, Wiley, Hoboken NJ,
http://ezproxy.usq.edu.au/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/unisouthernqld/Doc?id=10630582>.
Nagarajan, K 2015, A brief course on technology management, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India.

Sarwar, M & Soomro, T 2012, 'Impact of Smartphone’s on Society', European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 98, no. 2, March 2013, p. 10.

Unknown 2015, The Impact of Cloud, Fujitsu, USA. http://www.fujitsu.com/lu/Images/wp-eiu-impact-of-cloud.pdf>.

Zhu, K, Kraemer, KL & Xu, S 2006, 'The Process of Innovation Assimilation by Firms in Different Countries: A Technology Diffusion Perspective on E-
Business', Management Science, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 1557-76.

Dourish, P, Graham, C, Randall, D & Rouncefield, M 2010, ‘Theme issue on social interaction and mundane technologies’, Pers Ubiquit Comput, vol.
14, pp. 171–80.

Maddux, C & Johnson, DL 2010, ‘Global trends and issues in information technology in education’, Computers in the Schools, vol. 27, pp. 145–54.

Reins, K 2007, ‘Digital tablet PCs as new technologies of writing and learning: a survey of perception of digital ink technology’, Contemporary Issues
in Technology and
Teacher Education, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 158–77.

Taylor, C 2009, ‘Choice, coverage and cost in the countryside: a topology of adolescent rural mobile technology use’, Education in Rural Australia, vol.
19, no. 1, pp. 53–64.