V=C
P2 1 1 T1
P1 Q
V S1 S2 S
V1 = V 2
P 1 2 T 2 T2
P=C
P 1 T1
Q
V1 V2 V S1 S2 S
S1 S2 S V1 V2 V
PROBLEMS
1. During a reversible process there are abstracted 317 kJ/s from 1.134 kg/s of
a certain gas while the temperature remains constant at 2.7oC. For this gas,
Cp = 2.232 and Cv = 1.713 kJ/kg-K. The initial pressure is 586 kPa. For a
non-flow (ΔPE = 0, ΔKE = 0) process, determine (a) V1,V2 and P2, (b) the
work and Q, ( c ) ΔH.
2. A 3.6 kg mass of air goes through an isothermal process with a temperature
of 305K. The initial and final pressures of the air are 550KPa and 135KPa,
respectively. Compute for a) Wnf, b) ΔU and ΔH c.) the heat. (442.64KJ, 0)
3. During an isothermal process at 88oF, the pressure on 8 lb of air drops from
80 psia to 5 psig. For an internally reversible process, determine (a) the
∫pdV or the work of a nonflow process, (b) Q,, (c) ΔU and ΔH.
4. Air flows steadily through an engine at constant temperature, 400 K. Find
the work per kilogram if the exit pressure is one-third the inlet pressure and
the inlet-pressure is 207 kPa. Assume that the kinetic and potential energy
variation is negligible.
ISENTROPIC PROCESS
An isentropic process is a reversible adiabatic process. Adiabatic simply means no
heat. A reversible adiabatic is one of constant entropy.
P T
1 1
PVK= C
2
2
V1 V2 V S
1. Relationship among P, V and T.
(a) Relationship between P and V
P1V1k = P2V2k = C
(b) Relation between T and V
From P1 V1k = P2 V2k and P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, we have
T2/T1 = [V1/V2]k-1
(c ) Relation between T and P
T2/T1 = [p2/p1](k-1)/k
2. Nonflow work.
From PVk = C, P = CV-k
Wn = PdV = C-kdV = C V-kdV
Integrating and simplifying
Wn = P2V2 – P1V1 / (1- k) = mR(T2 – T1) / (1 – k)
V S