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Norton & Company

3.2 Genomics: The Study of Genomes

• The genome is the collection of genes.
• The number of genes increases the higher the
organism is.
Condensation of Eukaryotic DNA
Further Condensation of DNA

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Chromosome and Telomere Formation
Organization of a Gene
Prokaryotic Gene Structures
Eukaryotic Gene Structures
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Exon Shuffling
Computational Methods in Genomics
Bioinformatics
• The field used in
biochemistry to discover
the function of an
unknown gene, such as a
human disease gene,
that can be targeted
with pharmaceutical
drugs
• NCBI BLAST searches are
used to analyze
information.
Copyright © 2017 W. W. Norton & Company

Bioinformatics Breakthrough
• Identification of the ICMT mutation observed in
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria
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Polymorphisms – 1
• Mutations that occur within the genome
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)
• One mutation
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Polymorphisms – 2

• Short tandem repeats (STR)

• Deletions and insertions in the genome
• Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR)
• Repeats of a core sequence
• Can be used in forensic applications
Polymorphisms Used in DNA Analysis: Forensic Applications
Copyright © 2017 W. W. Norton & Companya

Precision Medicine, Part 1

• A method used to “tailor” treatment of a disease to fit the genetic

material of individuals
• Can be used to increase effectiveness of treatment and minimize side
effects
Precision Medicine, Part 2