Presentation-3

Design and
Construction of
Buildings
1. Ehtasham Sajjad FA15-
BS(CVE)-019
2. Ahmed Masoom Khan Niazi FA15-
BS(CVE)-024
3. Naufil Sarfraz FA15-
BS(CVE)-027
4. Kinza Batool FA15-
BS(CVE)-033
5. Aun Abbas Syed FA15-
BS(CVE)-049
6. Natasha Javed FA15-
BS(CVE)-050
 What is Building Design and
Construction?
 Building design is the
process of providing all
information necessary for
construction of a building
that will meet its owner’s
requirements and also
satisfy public
health, welfare, and safety
requirements.

 Building construction is
the process of assembling
materials to
form a building.
 Principles of Designing a Building
 The building should be
constructed to minimize
adverse impact on the
environment.

 Building should provide for safe

evacuation or refuge in
emergencies.

 The design should be

constructable by known
techniques and with available
labor and equipment, within an
acceptable time.
 TRADITIONAL DESIGN
PROCEDURES
To design and construct a building
one should approach a different
method of design and construction
which is more effective, is easy, less
costly and requires less labor. For
this purpose great advances have
been made in the field of
architecture and design after the
introduction of AutoCAD. One can
also take help from the traditional
methods and techniques for the
design of a building but it requires
much effort and is hard as
compared to the new methods.
 Protection Against Hazards
 WIND PROTECTION
Winds generally strike a
building in gusts. Building roofs
are streamlined to cut wind
pressure.

 Flood Proofing
Some sites in flood prone areas
possess some ground high
enough to avoid flood damage.
An alternative to elevating a
building on fill is raising it on
stilts.
 Roof Drainage
On flat roofs, ponding of
rainwater causes structural
members to deflect. To avoid
water accumulation, roofs should
be sloped toward drains and
pipes
that have adequate capacity to
conduct water away from the
roofs

 PROTECTION AGAINST
FIRE
Design of all buildings should
include provisions for quick
extinguishment of fires like
Automatic Sprinklers ,
Standpipes , Chemical
Extinguisher
 Seismic Retrofitting
 Seismic retrofitting is the
modification of
existing structures to make them
more resistant to seismic activity ,
ground motion, or soil failure due
to earthquakes. With better
understanding of seismic demand
on structures and with our recent
experiences with large earthquakes
near urban centers
After the October 2005
earthquake, the government and
engineering community
emphasized on implementation of
seismic codes.
 Design snow loads

 In places where
precipitation is
in form of snow
, buildings roof
are designed to
keep the snow
off the roof so
the roof dont
collapse
 Wood Construction
 Wood is the only renewable
source for building materials.
Compared to other building
materials, wood has a very
high ratio of strength to
weight. This makes it very
economical for use in all
types of construction. Wood
offers numerous advantages
in construction
like beauty , durability ,
 Energy Efficient building Design
 Building orientation means
where the building is facing.
Many buildings in Hong Kong
have the long axis running east-
west . Since the sun is at a low
angle in early morning and late
afternoon, buildings with
smaller surface areas facing east
and west receive less solar
radiation during the summer
months. Heating by direct
sunlight is thus reduced and the
energy required by air
conditioning is also reduced.
 ROLE OF AUTOCAD IN DESIGN

AND CONSTRUCTION
AutoCAD is a software
program which has been
used in various industries
for many years. This
software can help
architects, designers and
engineers create designs
and then see if they will
work before spending
money and taking a risk
on the project. This
particular product is used
for the engineering .
 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
 A Building or Construction is like a
temporary factory because it shows a
scene comprising of machinery, man
power, building materials and
management. To build a building all the
factors such as money, time,
machinery and man power must be
kept in mind.
 Man power: This includes craftsman,
general site operatives and managerial
and supervisory staff.
 Materials : This include all the
material needed to construct the
building such as Bricks, Cement ,
stones , wood , steel , iron , marble ,
water , plaster etc.
 Machinery: This includes all the
machinery needed for the
construction from the simple
hand held tools to large items
such as cranes etc.
 Money: This is the money which
is required for the construction
of the building. This money is
spent on the land, design team
fees and the building contractor
who uses this money to buy
materials, to buy or hire
machinery and hire labour.