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The document discusses the impact of tourism on local culture in Badung Regency, Bali. It notes that while tourism has brought economic benefits, it has also led to some negative impacts like a shift away from local agriculture and language. The local government has implemented measures to try to adapt to these changes and protect Balinese culture, such as requiring the use of traditional architecture and language in schools and offices. However, balancing economic growth with cultural preservation remains a challenge.
Deskripsi Asli:
A short presentation paper on Tourism and Cultural Change in Bali, Indonesia
The document discusses the impact of tourism on local culture in Badung Regency, Bali. It notes that while tourism has brought economic benefits, it has also led to some negative impacts like a shift away from local agriculture and language. The local government has implemented measures to try to adapt to these changes and protect Balinese culture, such as requiring the use of traditional architecture and language in schools and offices. However, balancing economic growth with cultural preservation remains a challenge.
The document discusses the impact of tourism on local culture in Badung Regency, Bali. It notes that while tourism has brought economic benefits, it has also led to some negative impacts like a shift away from local agriculture and language. The local government has implemented measures to try to adapt to these changes and protect Balinese culture, such as requiring the use of traditional architecture and language in schools and offices. However, balancing economic growth with cultural preservation remains a challenge.
Badung Regency, Bali Presentation’s Agenda Tourism in Bali A Case : Badung Regency Impact of Tourism To Local Culture Adapting From The “Wave of Change” Conclusion Tourism in Bali • Bali is a small island that lies across Indonesia's Archipelago • This “small island”, however does not play a small role for Indonesia • Bali plays an important role for Indonesia’s tourism industry • The uniqueness of Balinese local culture has attracted many visitors to come • Since 1980’s tourism has growth rapidly • The rapid growth of tourism industry has shifted Bali’s economic structure from an agro based economy to tourism based economy. Bali and Indonesia Items Bali Indonesia
Area 5.780,06 km2 1.910.931,32 km2
Population (projection in 2015) 4,152,800 255,461,700
Growth of Gross Domestic Product (2015) 6,04% 4,79%
Per capita income (in million rupiah, 2015) 42,66 45,18
Number of tourist in stars hotels (estimation in 2014) 5.293.500 10.184.700
Number of star hotels (2015) 281 2197
Number of rooms in star hotels (2015) 31.596 217,474
Number of beds in star hotels (2015) 44.657 322.590
Number of foreign visitors in star hotels (2014) 5.293.500 10.184.700
Number of foreign and domestic visitors arrival 4.001.835 10.406.291
(2015) Average length of foreign visitor’s stay in star hotels 3,55 nights 3,10 nights (2014)
Occupancy rate of star hotels (2014) 59,88% 52,56%
Source: Statistics Indonesia
A Case: Badung Regency • Located on southern part of Bali, Badung regency is the gate for international tourism to Bali • The only airport, I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport is located in Badung Regency • Ngurah Rai International Airport is the third busiest airport in Indonesia. Currently it serves 13 domestic flights and 50 international flights. Badung Regency Facts in 2015 Item Badung Regency Area 418,52 km² Population (in thousand) 616,4 GDRP Growth 6,27%
GDRP per capita / Per capita income (million 66,97
rupiah) Number of foreign arrival to Ngurah Rai Airport 4.191.165 Number of foreign departure from Ngurah Rai 4.364.921 Airport Number of star hotels 155 Number of rooms in star hotels 24,683 Room occupancy rate in star hotels 62,33% Average length of stay of foreign guests in star 3,12 hotels Source: Statistics of Badung Regency • The era of tourism industry in Badung Regency started in early 1980’s through the development of Nusa Dua Tourism Resort • The master plan of Nusa Dua Tourism Resort was made in 1972 by Pacific International Consultant from Japan in cooperation with Indonesian Consultant. • Nusa dua tourism region is an enclave type of tourism region, where a five star international chain hotels were built • The purpose of this enclave tourism resort was to “limit” and “protect” local community from direct exposure of tourism. • Nusa Dua tourism resort apparently only attracted certain segment, that can not answer the demand of many other tourist segment • Other places outside Nusa Dua Resort then arises and grows rapidly • A lot of tourism accommodations were built outside Nusa Dua Resort; from a local homestay facilities, to an international chain hotel. • For the past ten years, the demands and trends is a villa type of accommodation • Many other tourism accommodations were also built all over Bali’s island; however in total mostly are located in Badung Regency. • The rapid growth of tourism in Badung Regency in two decades drive changes on Badung Regency’s economy, from an agriculture based economy toward tourism based economy. • Currently tourism industry has become the “backbone” of Badung Regency’s economy, since around 80% of Badung Regency’s government’s regional revenue comes from tourism industry (hotel and restaurant taxes). Badung Regency’s Regional Revenue Fiscal Year 2010-2014
11 • In order to balance economic development in Bali, from 15% to 22% of Badung Regency’s regional revenue from hotel and restaurant tax are distributed to provincial government and other six regencies in Bali. The money is allocated to support tourism infrastructure and facilities, tourism promotions and improving security. • This type of income distribution among Badung Regency and other regencies were implemented under the scheme of Bali as “one island management”; where one has to support another. Badung Regency’s Revenue Distribution to Provincial Government and Six Regencies in Bali Fiscal Year 2010-2016
Impact of Tourism on Local Culture • In spite of many gains and opportunities created by tourism industry, worries also arises regarding the pollution, and “negative” impact of tourism toward local culture. • There also has been a shift of working preferences from agriculture to tourism sector, where young generations are now more attracted to work in tourism industry. This happens in Bali in general. Distribution of man power in Bali (%), 2015
Working Sector 2013 2014 2015
Agriculture 24,43 23,26 22,40
Manufacture 24,02 23,75 21,48
Services 51,55 53,00 56,12
Source: Statistics of Bali
• The growth of tourism also push a land conversion, from a rice field into housing and accommodation • In some areas hotels building were not built by using Balinese local architecture, which not creates Balinese atmosphere; • In urban areas, parents prefer to send their children to expatriate schools, that makes their children learn and speak foreign language rather than learning Balinese language • Tourism industry also attract migrant workers coming to Badung regency, making the average population growth in Badung regency is higher than the average growth of population in Bali Population, Growth and Density in Bali, 2015 Regency Population (thousand) Population Growth Population Density (%) (thousand/km2)
Adapting from the “wave of change” • The wave of change is the consequences of the development tourism industry • It is not possible to revert back to the past, the possible option is to control and adapt with the change • Local government has issued regulations and programs in order to protect and maintain local culture • In order to maintain the Balinese atmosphere, government only issued a building license when the design meet the requirement; implementing a Balinese architectures • Balinese language and culture has become local curriculum that is taught in public school from elementary school to high school • Government officials are expected and obliged to use Balinese language at office for the whole day at least once a week. • Balinese letters are used in Government buildings, street signs, and tourism facilities. • Students are obliged to wear Balinese hand woven as part of their uniform • Government officials are obliged to wear Balinese hand woven as a uniform twice a week • The Balinese hand woven are also frequently promoted during international events Prime Minister Shinzo Abe wearing Balinese hand woven shirt during APEC Summit Meeting in Bali, 2012. • Government organize a Balinese language competition among students and Balinese cultural performance and festival regularly • Support the financing of cultural activities organized by local communities
Sekar Jepun Dance of Badung Regency
• Allocating seeds and fertilizer subsidies for farmers • Freeing the land and building tax for farmers in order to attract young generations to work as farmers • Creating farming activities as tourism attraction Conclusions • The main source of generating power of tourism development in Bali is Balinese unique local culture which rooted in agriculture • Tourism has driven a change toward Balinese social and economic life • Rapid change has produced some degrees of negative impact toward local culture • The option is not to refuse tourism and revert back to the past • Policies, regulations, programs has been issued in order to adapt with change, however more control are needed to ensure the successful to adapt with the wave of change