1.

Purpose/ Aim / Social function /

Communicative purpose :

 To explain the processes involved in the

formation or workings of natural or
sociocultural phenomena.
 (Menerangkan atau menjelaskan
proses-proses yang terjadi dalam
pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait
dengan fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah,
sosial budaya, atau lainnya).
2. Generic Structure (Text Organization) :

 A General Statement : pernyataan

umum yang berupa pendapat penulis
atau fenomena yang terjadi di alam ini,
atau suatu hal yang secara umum
sudah diketahui
 A Sequenced explanation : penjelasan
proses tentang mengapa dan
bagaimana sesuatu bisa ada atau terjadi
 (Conclusion / Closing) : penutup
3. Language (Grammatical) Features :

a. Use of :
 General noun and abstract noun, such as earthquake,
butterflies, moths
 Action verbs, such as increase, molt, hatch, emerge,
continue, turn
 Simple present tense
 Passive voice
 Conjunction of time and cause, such as before, then
 Noun phrases, such as resting stage, a beautiful flying adult,
old skin, lifecycle
 Technical terms / language, such as larva (caterpillar), pupa
(chrysalis)
b. Focus on generic or non-human participants
Generic Structure
Tsunami
General Statement A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is
generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This
disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a
volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in
the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast-
traveling wave grows very large.
Explanation Tsunamis occur when a major fault under the
ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes
water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful
water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves
spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source
and move across the ocean until they reach the
coastline, where their height increases as they reach
the continental shelf, the part of the Earth’s crust that
slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.
Closing Tsunamis wash ashore with often disastrous
effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to
drowning, and damage to property.
 Exercise makes perfect :

This text is for questions 1 to 3.

The amount of water on Earth remains constant but it is

continually moving around the Earth and its atmosphere in a
process called the water cycle. It exists as a liquid (water) in
seas, rivers and clouds; it freezes into a solid (ice) as snow and
hail; and it also exists as an invisible gas in the air.
When the Sun heats up water in rivers, lakes and seas, it
changes from a liquid into a gas called water vapour. This
process is known as evaporation. As the water vapour rises into
the atmosphere, it cools and condenses and forms clouds. As
the cloud droplets move around, they collide with each other
and grow bigger. When they are heavy enough, they fall as rain,
and the water flows back into rivers, lakes and seas
1. The text is about…
A. Water
B. Water vapour
C. Water cycle
D. Water flow
E. Water condensation
2. When does water change from a liquid into a gas?
A. When the amount of water on Earth changes.
B. When the sun heats up water in rivers, lakes and seas.
C. When the water vapour forms tiny droplets.
D. When the cloud droplets move around.
E. When the droplets collide with each other.
3. “it freezes into a solid (ice) as snow and hail…”
The underlined word is similar to…
A. Liquid
B. Soft
C. Gas
D. Fluid
E. compact
THANK YOU