HIV/AIDS

BY
RICHARD ELIAS
JOHN MWANYINGILI
 BACKGROUND
• First cases of AIDS in America june5 1981 los angeles
• The different strategies were done to treat HIV
infections but the results were only to reduce the
degree of infections
• Those strategies was based only to inhibit the life
cycle of that retro virus [HIV] like to use proteinase
inhibitors,anti reversetranscriptase.
• But now days the new research and experiments
have been done.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO BE FREE FROM
VIRAL ATTACK??
 CONT...
• The results showed that its not only CD4
receptors is able to cause the HIV to enter the
human host but
• Due to other co receptors called CCR5 and
CXCR4 which contain R5 and R4 strains
respectively
 WHAT ARE CCR5 AND CXR4
• This are co receptors belong to G protein
coupled receptors [GPCR]
• Are main receptors involved in entry of HIV
• HIV fuse with this receptors before entrance
to host cell
• This receptor found on surface of lymphocytes
,macrophages
 Cont….
• so people who have mutation in CCR5 gene
,they cant allow the entrance of HIV
• The mutated CCR5 gene is called CCR5 DELTA 32
• This account for 1% of European people who
have single copy of CCR5 DELTA 32
• ALSO 20% of European people who have two
copies of CCR5 DELTA 32
•
• To have mutated ccr5 is not 100% you will not
be affected by HIV
.some drugs have been developed like
MARAVIROC which are CCR5 ANTAGONIST
But its not most effective
Hence you should follow preventive measures.
 CHALLENGES ON HIV CONTROL
• Frequently genetic changes of HIV hence
difficult to establish a stable vaccine.
• Improper use of ARVs hence outbreak of new
mutations in virus
 SEVERITY OF A PROBLEM
• According to WHO
• There were approximately 36.7 million people
living with HIV at the end of 2016 with 1.8 million
people becoming newly infected
• 54% of adults and 43% of children living with HIV
are currently receiving life long ANTI RETRO
VIRAL THERAPY [ART]
• Globally ART coverage for pregnant and breast
feeding women living with HIV is high 76%
 Goals of WHO to HIV/AIDS
• Maximally suppress of plasma HIV RNA
• Restore and preserve immunological function
• Reduce HIV associated morbidity and prolong
the duration and quality of survival
• Prevention of HIV transmission
`
 CONCLUSION
WHAT TO BE DONE
• More researches on HIV
• Antiretroviral drugs reduce HIV multiplication
• Drug of choice is zidovudine + protease
inhibitors