SANT LONGOWAL INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SEMINAR TOPIC:- PRESENTED BY:-

AIR POLLUTION NIRANJAN MADDESHIYA
ROLL NO:- GCT-1530101
 CONTENTS

o introduction
o Atmosphere and its Composition
o Types and Sources of Air Pollution
o Major Classes of Air Pollutants
o Sources of Outdoor Air Pollutants
o Urban Air Pollution as Acid Deposition
o Effects of Air Pollution
o Controlling Air Pollution in CH-Engineering ways
o conclusion
 Introduction
‘’Air Pollution’’ is the introduction of particulates,
biological molecules, and another harmful substances
into Earth’s atmosphere, causing diseases, allergies,
death to humans, damage to other living organisms
such as animals and food crops, or the natural built
environment.
Environmental protection and making use of our
natural resources efficiently are two of the most
pressing demands in the present stage of our
development.
 Atmosphere and its Composition
o Atmospheric Composition
• Nitrogen 78.08%
• Oxygen 20.95%
• Argon 0.93%
• Carbon dioxide 0.04%
Others gases in ppm
• CH4- 1.00-1.50
• N2O- 0.50-0.70
• CO- 0.10-0.12
• O3- 0.01
• NO2- 0.01 & SO2- 0.0002.
 Type & Sources of Air Pollution

o Two categories

• Primary Air Pollutant

• Harmful substance that is emitted directly into the
atmosphere
• Secondary Air Pollutant
• Harmful substance formed in the atmosphere when a primary
air pollutant reacts with substances normally found in the
atmosphere or with other air pollutants
 Major Classes of Air Pollutants

o Particulate Material
o Nitrogen Oxides
o Sulfur Oxides
o Carbon Oxides
o Hydrocarbons
o Ozone
 Particulate Material

o Thousands of different solid or liquid particles

suspended in air
• Includes: soil particles, soot, lead, asbestos, sea salt,
and sulfuric acid droplets
o Dangerous for 2 reasons
• May contain materials with toxic or carcinogenic
effects
• Extremely small particles can become lodged in lungs
 Nitrogen and Sulfur Oxides

o Nitrogen Oxides(NOx)
• Gases produced by the chemical interactions between
atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature
• Problems
• Greenhouse gases
• Cause difficulty breathing
o Sulfur Oxides(SOx)
• Gases produced by the chemical interactions between
sulfur and oxygen
• Causes acid precipitation
 Carbon Oxides and Hydrocarbons

o Carbon Oxides
• Gases carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide
(CO2)
• Greenhouse gases
o Hydrocarbons
• Diverse group of organic compounds that contain only
hydrogen and carbon (ex: CH4- methane)
• Some are related to photochemical smog and
greenhouse gases
Formation of Photochemical Smog
 Health Effects of Air Pollution
o Sulfur Dioxide and Particulate material
• Irritate respiratory tract and impair ability of lungs to
exchange gases
o Nitrogen Dioxides
• Causes airway restriction
o Carbon monoxide
• Binds with iron in blood hemoglobin
• Causes headache, fatigue, drowsiness, death
o Ozone
• Causes burning eyes, coughing, and chest discomfort
 Acid Deposition

o Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions

react with water vapor in the atmosphere and
form acids that return to the surface as either dry
or wet deposition
o Acid rain very much effects on the water lakes
and absorb the aluminum that makes its way from
soil into and streams.
How Acid Deposition Develops
 Effects of Acid Deposition
o Declining Aquatic Animal
Populations
o Thin-shelled eggs prevent
bird reproduction
• Because calcium is unavailable
in acidic soil
o Forest decline
• Ex: Black forest in Germany
(50% is destroyed)
o Effects on Buildings
Acid reacts with limestone,
sandstone, and marble.
 CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION IN
CH-CHENGINEERING WAYS
o Source Correction Methods
1.Raw Material Changes
2.Process Changes
3.Equipment Modification or Replacement
o Cleaning of Gaseous Effluents
o Require emission testing for all vehicles
• Including diesel
o Use modern equipment to control the emission of
industries exhaust gases i.e. esp, scrubbers, etc.
 Conclusion
For resolving the increasing stress on the environment
and resources, and also responding to the ever-
increasing demands of the citizens for environmental
quality protection and improvement in ecological
environment the ‘Air Pollution’ need very attention .
The following message from this PPT are-
Environmental factors like poor air quality need more
attention-especially in India.
We need more study, more monitoring, more
reduction of pollutant, more planting ,and more public
awareness.
 REFERENCES

o 1.http/ IPC book C.S. Rao /Air pollution and

control page no 145-207.html
o 2.http/www.cpcb.nic.in.html
o 3.http/www.dpcairdata.com.html
THANK YOU