DC MOTOR

Prepared by: Mahesh Khatri

 Types of Motors

Types of motors
Types of Motors

Synchronous Motors Asynchronous Motors

Induction Motors DC Motors

Types of Motors

• Types of motors
DC Motors

Shunt Motors Series Motors Compound Motors

Separately Exited Motors

Long Shunt Motors Short shunt Motors

 General arrangment

DC Motor Construction

General Arrangement of
dc machine
Rotor

• The rotor has a ring-shaped

laminated iron core with slots.
• The commutator consists of
insulated copper segments
mounted on an insulated tube.
• Two brushes are pressed to the
commutator to permit current
flow.
• The brushes are placed in the
neutral zone, where the magnetic
field is close to zero, to reduce
arcing.
 STATOR

• The commutator switches the

current from one rotor coil to the
adjacent coil,

• The switching requires the

interruption of the coil current.

• The sudden interruption of an

inductive current generates high
voltages .

• The high voltage produces

flashover and arcing between the
commutator segment and the brush.
Fleming left hand rule

Fleming’s Left Hand Rule Or Motor Rule

FORE FINGER = MAGNETIC FIELD

900
900
900
MIDDLE FINGER= CURRENT

FORCE = B IAl
Separately Excited DC Motor

R
If Rf
a

+
+
Vf +
Ea Armature Vt
- Field Coil -
- Ia

Field equation: Vf=RfIf Armature equation: Ea=Vt-IaRa

Ea=Kam

dcmotor 8
Series Excited DC Machine

RA

E= V- IaRa
E Armature
v

Series Field Coil

Compound Excited DC Machine

Series Field Coil

Ish
Is
Ia
Shunt Field Coil E Armature V

RA
Compound Excited DC Machine

• If Series & Shunt field Add each other it is called a cumulative

exited Machine

• If Series & Shunt field oppose each other it is called a differential

exited Machine
Speed Control Of DC Motors

Speed of Dc motors is Given By

Where Ra is Armature Resistance

Speed Can Varying By

• Flux Control, Ø
• Resistance Ra of Armature Circuit
• Applied Voltage V Control
Speed Control Of DC Shunt Motor

1. Flux Control Method

• BY decreasing the flux of Shunt

Field, speed can be increase and
vise varsa.
• Flux of DC motor Change by
chancing Ish with help of shunt
rheostate.

2. By Armature Resistance control

• This Method used when speed Ish

below no load speed are required
• As Voltage across Armature is
• Constant.
 Speed Control Of DC Shunt Motor

• As voltage is varies inserting a variable rheostat in series with armature circuit.

• As resistance is increase, voltage reduce across armature, speed is reduce.
Speed Control of Series DC motors

1. By Flux Control Method

a. field diverters
series winding shunted by variable resistance know as field diverter.
as current is limited by adjusting a resistance, hence flux can decrease
motor speed increase respectively.
Speed Control of Series DC motors

b. Armature Diverter

• A diverter across the armature cab be use for giving speed lover then
normal speed.
• If given constant load, if Ia is reduce due to diverter, flux will increase
( Ta = K Ø Ia ). So Speed will reduce, ( N= I/Ø )
DC Series Motors

• Characteristics of DC Series Motor

1. As we seen Ta ØIa and Ø Ia , so Ta Ia2

So as light load flux is mall. But Ia increase. So Ta increase as square of current.
After saturation of flux Current is independent. So torque is praposnal to current. So it is strait line to saturation point
Use in crane and hoist where high torque is required.
Comparison

• Shunt motor
Shunt motor speed is constant
For same current input torque is low as compare to series motor

• Series motor

High starting torque

Use as low speed high load
Application
Control circuit of DC Shunt Motor
Thank
You.