Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Performance and

Emission Characteristics of CI Engines

Guided by
Presented by Prof.Deman Sahu
Sangeeta Das Mechanical Dept.
140370711008 PIET
The presentation is aimed at :
 Comparing the experimental works of various authors on
effect of exhaust gas recirculation on reduction of exhaust
temperature.

 To study the effect of EGR on increase in particulate matter

emission and probable means to reduce that.
 Vehicular Nox emissions are regulated by stringent
Environmental Legislations.
 NOx formation is a highly temperature dependent .
 In diesel Engines Engine Temp reaches upto 2000 ° K,
leading to Nox formation.
 To Control Nox emission exhaust temp Control can be
obtained by late injection of fuel into combustion
chamber. This decreases fuel efficiency.
 Better method to reduce the exhaust gas temperature is
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
 EGR Technology reduces Nox emissions but increase
unburned hydrocarbons and particulate matter in the
exhaust.
 The three most popular theory for Nox reduction by EGR
technology are:-
◦ Increased ignition delay and reduction in max Temp
achieved.
◦ Increased heat capacity of the non-reacting matter during
combustion, thus lowering exhaust temperature.
◦ Dilution of inlet gas with inert gas reducing the adiabatic
flame temperature.
 At reduced loads, EGR is more effective as at higher loads
particulate matter production is more pronounced.
 •Increasing EGR increases the specific heat of intake charge as
exhaust gas has higher specific heat than fresh air.

•The exhaust temp thus decreases with same heat release in the
combustion chamber.

 ECR can be calculated from:

 Literature Review of the 1st Paper

 B Jothithirumal et al investigated the effect of

different quantities of exhaust gas recirculation on
exhaust gas temp.

 The experiment is conducted using 4 stroke 2

cylinder constant speed compression ingnition
engine.
Experimental Setups
B Jothithirumal et al
 EGR system utilised: Long route Hot EGR system.
 Air box installed to measure the volumetric
intake of air.
 Modifications made to control the discharge
pulsations and measure EGR flowrate,.
 Engine Test Conducted at speed of1500 RPM at
various loads and EGR openings.
 The exhaust gas opacity was measured by smoke
opacity meter.
 The engine was run at different loads at 1500
rpm with different EGR rated (0-100%)
 The Brake Thermal efficiency is slightly higher in Max EGR opening
for all load conditions
 Nox is comparatively less in 25% EGR valve
opening
 PM drastically increase when EGR is
implemented for all load conditions.
 Work of Jaffar Hussain Et al involved study of
performance and emission characteristics of
engines under different EGR rates.

 The experiment is carried out with three cylinder,

air cooled and constant speed direct injection
compression ignition engine.
 Experimental Setups
Hussain Et al

The experiment was carried out with following setup:

 The Engine was coupled to an ac generator
connected to a variable resistive load.
 Air cooling is achieved by not providing
insulation in EGR recirculation line.
 Suitable modifications were made to control
the EGR flow, dampen the engine pulsations
and measure EGR flow rate.
 The exhaust gas opacity was measured by
smoke opacity meter.
 The engine was run at different loads at 1500
rpm with different EGR rated (0-25%)
Thermal efficiency of Diff ECR Rates

 Thermal Efficiency is slightly increased at Lower

EGR rates because of reburning of
hydrocarbons
Thermal efficiency of Diff ECR Rates

 Thermal Efficiency is slightly increased at Lower

EGR rates because of reburning of
hydrocarbons
 Exhaust Gas temp increases with load
 As the EGR rate is incresed Volumetric
efficiency increases.
 As higher EGR rates hydrocarbon in exhaust gas
increases.
 Fig above shows the major benefit of diesel
engines, decreasing the NOx emissions
 Both the studies observed that, EGR is a useful
technology to reduce NOx emissions as it decreases the
effective discharge.
 Hussain Et al observed a slight increase in Thermal
efficiency and thus decrease in fuel consumption with
the cold EGR setup, while B Jothithirumal et al didn’t
find significant change in brake thermal efficiency at lo
EGR opening rates with long loop high temp EGR setup.
 Both the findings points to wards the fact that at lower
EGR rates of 15-25%, Nox reduction is significant
without much effect o engine performance.
 At higher EGR openings and at high loads particulate
matter formation and smoke opacity increases.
 Combined impact of Biodiesel an Exhaust gas recirculation on
NOX emissions in CI Diesel Engines.-

 Effect of Exhaust gas recirculation on performance and emission

characteristics of Three cylinder direct injection compression
ingnition engine.