DATA

COMMUNICATION

Lecture-2
 Recap of Lecture 1

Data Communication
Brief History of Communication
Data Communication System
 Overview of Lecture 2

Key Data Communication

Terminology
Networks and Why we need Them?
Distributed Processing
Network Criteria
Network Applications
 Key Data Communication
Terminology
 Session: communication dialog
between network users or applications

 Network: interconnected group of

computers and communication devices

 Node: a network-attached device

 Key Data Communication
Terminology
 Link: connects adjacent nodes

 Path: end-to-end route within a network

 Circuit: the conduit over which data

travels
 Key Data Communication
Terminology
 Packetizing: dividing messages into
fixed-length packets prior to transmission
over a network’s communication media

 Routing: determining a message’s path

from sending to receiving nodes
 Network

A “Network” is a set of
devices (Nodes) connected
by Communication Links
Networks- Why we need Them?

Point to point communication not

usually practical

– Devices are too far apart

– Large set of devices would need
impractical number of connections
Networks- Why we need Them?

Solution is to connect all devices to

a central system known as a
NETWORK

Two Main Classes of Networks

– Local Area Networks (LANs)
– Wide Area Network (WANs)
 Distributed Processing

“Instead of a single large

machine being responsible for
all aspects of a process, each
separate computer handles a
subset of the task”
 Advantages of Distributed
Processing

Security
Distributed Data bases
Faster Problem Solving
Security through Redundancy
Collaborative Processing
 Network Criteria

Data
Communication
Network Criteria

Performance Reliability Security

 Network Criteria
Performance

– Number of Users
– Type of Transmission Medium
– Hardware
– Software
 Network Criteria
Reliability

– Frequency of failure
– Recovery Time after Failure
– Catastrophe
 Network Criteria

Security

– Unauthorized Access
– Viruses
 Network Applications

Marketing and Sales

Financial Services
Manufacturing
Electronic Messaging
Teleconferencing
Cable Television
 Summary
Key Data Communication
Terminology
Networks and Why we need Them?
Distributed Processing
Network Criteria
Network Applications
 Suggested Reading

 Section 1.3, “Data Communications and

Networking” 2nd Edition by Behrouz A.
Forouzan

 Sections 1.3, “Data and Computer

Communication” 6th Edition by William
Stallings