Oleh:
Indra Yoga Maharanto
pembimbing
Prof. DR.dr. Suyono, Sp.Rad
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INTRODUCTION
STROKE HEMORAGIK
• Merupakan kasus yang jarang terjadi pada anak.
• Inseidensinya 2-8 / 100,000 anak
• Terjadi karena pecahnya pembuluh darah di otak
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TUJUAN
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IDENTITY
Name :A
Age : 6 tahun
Sex : Laki-laki
Address : Surakarta
Medical record : 01204799
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•Penurunan
Keluhan kesadaran
utama
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Riwayat penyakit sekarang
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Riwayat kehamilan dak kelahiran
• Selama hamil ibu rutin kontrol di bidan
• tidak pernah mengkonsumsi obat-obatan dan
jamu selain vitamin dari bidan.
• Pasien lahir spontan di bidan
• Umur Kehamilan 9 bulan
• Lahir langsung menangis kuat gerak aktif
• berat badan lahir 3100 gram
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Riwayat nutrisi
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Riwayat tumbuh kembang
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Family tree
38 y.o
33 y.o
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• ANTHROPOMETRICAL STATUS
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Keadaan Umum:
tampak sakit berat, somnolent, gizi kesan baik
GCS E3 V3 M4
• VITAL SIGNS:
Blood pressure : 100/60 mmHg
heart rate : 101 beats/min, regular,
adequate filling
Respiratory rate : 25 times/min, regular
Temperature : 36.8 ⁰C per axillar
SiO2 : 100%
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PHYSICAL
• kepala : mesocephal,EXAMINATION
rambut hitam
• mata : CA(-/-), SI (-/-), RC (+/+), isocoric pupils
3 mm/3mm
• hidung : napas cuping hiding(-/-)
• telinga : discharge (-/-), bleeding (-/-)
• mulut : tidak sianotik, tonsil T1-T1
• leher : no enlargement of lymphnode,
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LUNG:
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
I: pergerakan dada kanan = kiri
P: fremitus raba kanan= kiri
P: sonor/sonor
A: SDV +/+ suara tambahan -/-
CARDIAC:
I: ictus cordis not visible
P: ictus cordis not palpable
P: batas jantung kesan tidak melebar
A: I-II Heart sound intensities normal, regular,
murmur (-), bising (-)
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
ABDOMINAL:
I : dinding perut sejajar dinding dada
A : peristaltic normal
P : tympani, shifting dullness (-)
P : liver and spleen tidak teraba
EXTREMITIES
Anemia (-), spoon shape nail (-), CRT < 2 sec, Arteri Dorsalis Pedis (+)
• Meningeal sign:
– Kaku kuduk(-), Brudzinski I (-),
– Brudzinski II (-), Kernig (-)
• Refleks Patologi
- Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-) ,
- Oppenheim (+/-) Gordon (+/-) Schaefer (+/-)
• Reflek Fisiologi :
– Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
1111 5555
Motor exam : 1111 5555
Sensory exam : / N
clonus : ( - ) ; Spastic : ( - )
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII:
normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+)
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Laboratorium
• Hb :11.2 g/dl MCV :84.3/um
• Hct :34 % MCH :27.7 pg
• Leukocyte :14,000/ul platelet :291,000/ul
• PT : 50.7 sec
• APTT : 33.9 sec
• SGPT : 36 u/l
• SGOT : 11 u/l
• Ureum : 0.3 mg/dl
• Creatinin : 12 mg/dl
• Na : 135 mmol/L
• K : 3.2 mmol/L
• Cl : 99 mmol/L
• Blood Glucosa : 110 mg/dl
• Peripheral blood smear: normal
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Daftar masalah
• Penurunan kesadaran
• Bicara pelo
• Hemiplegi ekstrimitas kanan
• Refleks fisiologi kanan meningkat
• Refleks patologi positif
• paresis nerves VII and XI
• normochromic normocytic anemia
• PTT dan APTT normal
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Diagnosa kerja
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Plan
• MSCT kepala
• Konsul bagian bedah kepala
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MSCT
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Ekspertise :
• Tampak lesi hiperdens densitas 72 HU di lobus
temporoparietalis kiri dengan perifokal edema
sekitarnya. Estimasi volume 56.16 ml yang
mendesak ventrikel lateralis kiri dan midline shifting
ke kanan sejauh 0.48 cm. Tampak pula lesi
berdensitas 72 HU mengisi ventrikel lateralis kiri,
ventrikel III dan IV. Sulci dan gyri di luar lesi normal.
Pons, cerebellum dan cerebellopontine angle
normal, tak tampak kalsifikasi abnormal. Obita, sinus
paranasalis dan mastoid kanan kiri normal.
Craniocerebral space tak tampak melebar, calvaria
intak.
• Kesimpulan : ICH di lobus temporoparietalis kiri
dengan perifokal edema disekitarnya, estimasi
volume 56.16 ml, IVH.
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Diagnose
1. Stroke hemoragik ec ICH, IVH ec
tersangka rupture AVM dd Hemangioma
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
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Therapy
1. Nasal oxygen 2 lpm
2. IVFD Dextrose 5% ½NS 38 ml/hour
3. liquid diet 1400 kcal/ day NGT
4. IV Mannitol 20% ( 0,5 g/Kg/x) 25 ml/8 hour
5. Observation di PICU
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Hari ke 2
S Sadar, sakit kepala -, demam -, kejang - , paralisis extremities kanan
O
Heart rate:100x/min
Respiratory rate: 24x/ min
TD: 100/70 mmHg
Temperature:36,7 C
Physiological reflexes:
Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
Pathological reflexes:
Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-), Oppenheim (+/-), Gordon (+/-),
Schaefer (+/-)
Motor exam : 1111/5555
Sensory exam : / N
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII: normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+)
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A 1. Stoke Hemoragik ec ICH,IVH ec rupture
AVM,hemangioma
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
Tx
1. IVFD D5 ½ NS 38 ml/hour
2. NGT : liquid diet 1400 kcal/ day
3. IV Mannitol 20% ( 0,5 g/Kg/x) 25 ml/ 12 hour
plan
-
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Days 3-5
S Sadar, sakit kepala -, demam -, kejang - , paralisis extremities kanan
Physiological reflexes:
Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
Pathological reflexes:
Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-), Oppenheim (+/-), Gordon (+/-),
Schaefer (+/-)
Motor exam : 1111/5555
Sensory exam : / N
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII: normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+)
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A 1. Stoke Hemoragik ec ICH,IVH ec rupture AVM,
hemangioma
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
Tx 1. IVFD D5 ½ NS 38 ml/hour
2. NGT : liquid diet 1400 kcal/ day
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Days 6 -10
S Paralisis ekstremitas kanan
O Heart rate: 102/min
Respiratory rate: 24x/ minute
Blood pressure: 100/70mmHg
Temperature: 36.9C
Physiological reflexes:
Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
Pathological reflexes:
Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-), Oppenheim (+/-), Gordon (+/-),
Schaefer (+/-)
Motor exam : 1111/5555
Sensory exam : / N
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII: normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+)
Pemeriksaan fisik yang lain dalam batas normal
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A 1. Stoke Hemoragik ec ICH,IVH ec rupture
AVM,hemangioma
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
Tx 1. IVFD D5 ½ NS 38 ml/hour
2. diet rice 1400 kkal/ day
PLAN : CT Angiography
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Aneurism and hemangioma in branch of A.
laenticulostriatum sinistra with rupture and
bleeding. Midline shift : 3.8 mm in right
side 35
Ekspertise :
hasil tampak lesi batas tak tegas, tepi irregular di lobus frontoparietalis
kiri, yang tampak isointense pada bagian tengahnya dan hiperintense
pada bagian tepinya pada T1W1/T2W1/T2FLAIR, yang menjadi
hipointense di tengah lesipada GRE. Lesi flow void di perifer lesi, tak
tampak nidus dan draining vein. Sulcy dan gyri di daerah lesi sempit.
System ventrikel lateralis tampak terdesak ke kanan sejauh 3,8 mm. pons
dan cerebellum tak tampak kelainan, tampak midline shift kearah kanan.
Orbita, nervus dan musculus extra oculi tampak baik.Mastoid dan sinus
paranasalis kanan dan kiri tampak baik. DWI : tampak restricted
diffusion area pada daerah lesi. MRA : circulus wiliisi tampak paten,
tampak aneurisma pada arteri Lenticulostriatum kiri cabang dari arteri
Cerebri media kiri.
Kesimpulan : Hemangioma dan aneurisma cabang A.Laenticulostriatum
kiri, disertai ruptur dan pendarahan. Midline shift sebesar 3,8 mm kearah
kanan.
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Days 11-12
S Paralisis sebelah kanan
O Heart rate: 100/min
Respiratory rate: 22x/ min
Blood pressure: 100/70mmHg
Temperature: 36.5 C
Physiological reflexes:
Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
Pathological reflexes:
Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-), Oppenheim (+/-), Gordon (+/-),
Schaefer (+/-)
Motor exam : 1111/5555
Sensory exam : / N
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII: normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+)
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Hb :11.4 g/dl, Hct:34 %, Leukocyte : 5.400/ul,
Trombocyte :531,000/ul, MCV:84.3/um, MCH:28.4
pg, PT: 13.1sec, APTT: 27.7 sec, SGPT : 36 u/l,
SGOT:11 u/l, Ureum:0.5mg/dl Creatinin: 28 mg/dl,
Na: 136 mmol/L , K: 3.6 mmol/L, Cl: 102 mmol/L,
blood glucosa: 112 mg/dl, albumin: 4.4 g/dl,
HBsAg: nonreactive.
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A 1. Stroke hemoragik e.c ICH, IVH e.c rupture pada
hemangioma and aneurism cabang A. Lenticulo
striatum sinistra
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
Tx 1. IVFD D5 ½ NS 38 ml/hour
2. diet rice 1400 kcal/ day
PLAN Craniotomi
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Days 13
S PICU
Was
Craniotomi telah dilakukan dengan evakuasi perdarahan otak
sebanyak 65 ml.
O Heart rate: 100/min
Respiratory rate: 22x/ minute
Blood pressure: 100/70mmHg
Temperature: 36.5 C
Physiological reflexes:
Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
Pathological reflexes:
Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-), Oppenheim (+/-), Gordon (+/-),
Schaefer (+/-)
Motor exam : 1111/5555
Sensory exam : / N
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII: normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+) 40
A 1. Stroke hemoragik e.c ICH, IVH e.c rupture pada
hemangioma and aneurism cabang A. Lenticulo striatum
sinistra
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
Tx 1. IVFD D5 ½ NS 38 ml/hour
2. Solid food 1400 kcal/ day
3. Inj. Ampicilin 500mg/6h (until 3 days) iv
4. Inj. Ranitidin 20mg/12h iv
5. Inj. Metamizole 200mg/8h iv
6. Inj. Paracetamol 200mg/8h iv
7. Mannitol 20% ( 0,5 g/Kg/x) v25 ml/ 8h
8. physiotherapi
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Days 14-15 (April 14th- 15th 2015)
S Was
paralyzed in right extremities
Physiological reflexes:
Biceps (+3/+2), Triceps (+3/+2), Patella (+3/+2)
Pathological reflexes:
Babinski (+/-), Chaddock (+/-), Oppenheim (+/-), Gordon (+/-),
Schaefer (+/-)
Motor exam : 1111/5555
Sensory exam : / N
Cranial nerves : N I,II,III,1V,V,VI,VIII,IX,X,XII: normal
N VII : Central paresis (+), XI: Paresis (+)
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A 1. Stroke hemoragik e.c ICH, IVH e.c rupture pada
hemangioma and aneurism cabang A. Lenticulo striatum
sinistra
2. Gizi baik, normoweight, normoheight
Tx 1. IVFD D5 ½ NS 38 ml/hour
2. diet rice 1400 kcal/ day
3. Inj. Ampicilin 500mg/6h (until 3 days) iv
4. Inj. Ranitidin 20mg/12h iv
5. Inj. Metamizole 200mg/8h iv
6. Inj. Paracetamol 200mg/8h iv
7. Mannitol 20% ( 0,5 g/Kg/x) v25 ml/ 8h
8. fisioterapi
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CASE DISCUSSION
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Stroke
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Epidemiology of Childhood Stroke
Childhood
Stroke
2-3/100,000*
Hemorrhagic Ischemic
Stroke Stroke
1.1/100,000 1.2/100,000
ICH SAH
0.8/100,000 0.3/100,000
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Symptoms and Signs
• Hemiparesis/hemiplegia 60%
• Aphasia 10-15%
• Kejang 25% (vs. 5% in adults)
• Penurunan kesadaran (30%)
• Sakit kepala (22%)
• Gangguan penglihatan (12%)
• lethargy (8%)
Patient :
• Penurunan kesadaran
• Hemiplegia dextra
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Etiology dari Stroke hemoragik
• Malformasi • Hematologi
pembuluh darah 1. Leukemia
2. Trombositopenia
3. Hemofilia
1. Malformasi arterivena
4. Koagulopati sekunder dari
2. Aneurisma
gangguan pada hepar
3. Angioma / Hemangioma
5. Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC
Hemangioma and
aneurism 49
Diagnosis
Anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik :
Proses penyakit yang mendasari
Bukti trauma
Gangguan metabolik
Gangguan hematologi
Peningkatan tekanan intrakranial / hidrosefalus
Pemeriksaan penunjang :
MRI
CT SCAN
Angiography
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Diagnosa Banding
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TERAPI
Stroke Hemoragik
• Observation di ICU
• Surgical Intervention
Craniotomi
Observasi di ruang PICU
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Prognosis
•Mortalitas pada stroke anak berkisar antara 20-30%
•stroke hemoragik > stroke iskemik (mortalitas)
•stroke hemoragik sequele (>50% kasus)
•Prognosis yang buruk didapati pada anak dengan
gejala onset berupa kejang dan hemiplegia
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Thank you
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Occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures
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• The outcome of stroke in young adults is better than
that for older adults. In a recent study of 330 patients
with first stroke or transient ischemic attack, followed
for an average of 96 months, 8% died, 3% had another
stroke, and 3% had a myocardial infarction.
Approximately 16% were dependent, but 56% had
returned to work. Unfortunately, only a minority of
those who smoked at the time of their stroke
subsequently stopped using tobacco. The overall
annual recurrence rate is less than 1%.
• Prognosis is often closely associated with the
underlying cause.
• A relatively good outcome may be found after many
cases of arterial dissection.
• Risk of stroke recurrence is low (2% over 5 years) in
women whose first stroke occurred in pregnancy.
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