BUILDING BYE-LAWS

INTRODUCTION REGARDING BUILDING BYE-LAWS

 During planning and construction of any building,

certain restrictions are laid down by municipal bodies,
urban development authorities and other government
departments as town planning trusts related to clear
spaces to be left round the buildings, permissible height
of building, permissible construction areas etc.

 Hence the proposed plans of buildings are to be prepared

according to these bye-laws which are checked and
approved by above authorities.
 INTRODUCTION REGARDING BUILDING BYE-LAWS

 Minimum provisions designed from national building code by

various authorities to protect the safety of the public with
regards to structural sufficiency, fire hazards and health
aspects are called Building bye-laws

 The building bye-laws also cover aspects of administrative

regulations, development control rules and general building
requirements, regarding materials, and structural design,
rules for electrical installations, lighting, air-conditioning and
lifts, regulations for ventilation, acoustics and plumbing
services such as water supply, drainage sanitation, and gas
supply, safety measures for workers and public during
construction, requirements for greenbelts and landscaping,
special requirements for low income housing and rules for
erection of signs and outdoor display structures.
 OBJECTIVES OF BUILDING BYE-LAWS

 1) Building bye-laws allow disciplined growth of buildings and

towns and prevent haphazard development.
 2) Building bye-laws protect safety of public against fire, noise,
health hazards and structural failure.
 3) They provide utilization of space. Hence maximum efficiency
in planning can be derived from these bye-laws.
 4) Building bye-laws give guidelines to the architect or engineer
in effective planning and useful in preplanning the building
activities.
 5) They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live
in buildings.
 6) Due to these bye-laws, each building will have proper
approaches, light, air, ventilation which are essential for
health, safety and comfort.
ASPECTS COVERED IN BUILDING BYE-LAWS

 1) Building frontage line

 2) Built-up area of the building.

 3) Height of building

 4) Open space to be left in the sides, back, etc.

 5) Provision regarding the size, height and ventilation

of the rooms and the apartments.

 6) Provision of water supply and disposal of wastewater

and other sanitary provisions.

 7) Structural design of the building for its safety.
 BUILDING LINE

 Building line is laid down in each case parallel to the plot

boundaries by the local authorities beyond which nothing
can be constructed towards the plot boundaries
 BUILDING LINE
 Certain buildings like cinema, business centers,
factories etc which attract large no. of people and
vehicles as such more space is required. Hence the
buildings should be set back a further distance away
from the building line .
 The line which accounts for this extra margin is called
control line .
 The fixation of building line depends upon the site of
proposed building keeping in views present width and
future widening requirements.
setback setback

building building

Main road
 BUILDING LINE

Center Line of Road

Limit of
Limit of Building Line
Control
Line
Residential Residential
Building Line

Cinema
Factory Control Line
Hall
 BUILDING LINE & CONTROL LINE
BUILDING CONTROL
TYPE OF ROAD LINE LINE

National Highway (N.H.) and 30 m 45 m

State Highway (S.H.)

Major District Roads (M.D.R.) 15 m 24 m

Other District Roads (O.D.R.) 9m 15 m

and Village Roads
 SET BACK
A set back may be defined as
frontage margin or open
space in front of the abutting
street or road .

 The land contained in

setback belongs to owner of
the property
SET BACK
 ADVANTAGES OF BUILDING LINE & SET BACK

 Part of setback may be acquired for the purpose of widening

of road.
 If setback is uniform building are constructed in one line
parallel to axis of road resulting in improvement of road.
 Provisions of setbacks results in to better conditions of air ,
light and ventilation of building.
 Setback and street corner improve visibility and impart safety
to traffic.
 Space of setbacks can be used as parking place or for
developing as garden.
 Necessary for protection of buildings for street nuisance.
 Reduce the danger of fire by increasing the distance
between opposite buildings.
 HEIGHT OF BUILDING
The vertical distance from the average grade for a building or
other structure, or for a wing or distinct portion of a building
or other structure, to the highest point of the roof for that
wing or distinct portion of the building or structure is referred
as Height of Building.
 HEIGHT OF BUILDING
 The maximum height of the building depends upon :
 Width of street on which building fronts,
 Minimum width of rear space
 Vicinity of aerodromes.
Sr. No. Width of street Height of building

1 Up to 8 m Not more than 1.5 times width

of street

2 8m to 12 m Not more than 12 m

3 Above 12 m Not more than width of street

and not more than 21 m
HEIGHT OF BUILDING
 CARPET AREA
 As name suggests, Carpet Area is the area where we
can spread a carpet, means area calculated from
inner wall to wall distance inside the house.
This would also include steps if any, inside the house.
So essentially, Carpet area is nothing but the net
usable area inside the house.
 BUILT UP AREA

• Built up area is Carpet Area + Area of walls and

ducts+ 1/2 the Area of terrace. This is usually 10% more
than the carpet area. A terrace is considered as half the
actual area for calculating built up area.

•Built up area is plot area minus area due for open

space
• It is the area covered by all floors of a building.

• It includes everything covered under roof.

• Area occupied by balcony, staircase is excluded from

the built up area
 BUILT UP AREA

Recommendations:
 Market area : Construction area should not exceed

75 % area of site
 Industrial area : Construction area should not exceed

60% site area

 Residential area : Construction area should not exceed

60% site area

 SUPER BUILT UP AREA

 This is built up area + area occupied by

common amenities like lifts, corridors,
awnings, club house, stairs. Super built up is
usually around 25% more than Built up area.
This is also called as Salable Area.
 SUPER BUILT UP AREA

•
FLOOR SPACE INDEX (F.S.I.) OR FLOOR AREA RATIO (F.A.R.)

• The ratio of total floor area inclusive of all floors

to the area of plot.

• It limits the floor area of a building in relation

to the plot area.

• Thus if F.S.I is 1, then total permissible area of

all the floor in the building is equal to the area
of the plot.

• The F.S.I changes as per the locality.

 OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS

OPEN SPACES IS REQUIRED FOR

 Lighting

 Ventilation

 Future expansion

 Approach or access to common amenities like

water supply, drainage line etc.

 Future widening of streets

 OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
 Open space for front, rear and side yard depend upon height
of building and can be calculated by formula :

W = Width of open space around the building in m

= 3 + (h/10)/3

Where h = height of the building in m < 25m

 Requirements of Open space for varying height of building as per NBC
HEIGHT OF OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
BUILDING
(1) Less than 10 m (a) Front open space width :
(i) For building with front street – minimum 3 m
(ii) For building with streets on two or more sides -
average 3 m and in no case less than 1.8 m
(b) Rear Margin :
- average 3 m and in no case less than 1.8 m
(c) Side Margin :
- minimum 3 m for every detached or semi- attached
building
(d) Distance from center line of any street :
- In no case less than 7.5 m or as determined by
local authority
(2) From 10 m to Requirements as per above item no. 1 is increased at the
25 m rate of 1 m for every 3 m or fraction thereof.
(3) From 25 m to Minimum 10 m
30m
(4) Above 30m Minimum 10 m increased at the rate of 1 m for every 5 m
or fraction thereof subject to maximum 16 m.
 OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
HEIGHT OF BUILDING IN WIDTH OF OPEN SPACES IN METRES
METRES

5 3

6 3.3

9
4
12 4.7

15 5.4

18 6.1

20 7.4

24 9
 VENTILATION
 Windows, ventilation, direct opening to external air should be
provided for proper ventilation.

 Area of doors should be minimum 1/10th of floor area for dry

and hot climate minimum 1/6th of floor area for wet and hot
climate

 Aggregate area of doors and windows shall not be less than

1/7th of floor area of room.