PPT ch07

MIS
CHAPTER 7
THE INTERNET,
INTRANETS, AND
EXTRANETS
Hossein BIDGOLI
MIS, Chapter 7
©2011 Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
learning outcomes
LO1 Describe the makeup of the Internet and World Wide
Web.
LO2 Discuss navigational tools, search engines, and
directories.
LO3 Describe common Internet services.
LO4 Summarize widely used Web applications.
LO5 Explain the purpose of intranets.
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l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.)
LO6 Explain the purpose of extranets.
LO7 Summarize new trends in the Web 2.0 and 3.0 eras.
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The Internet and the World Wide Web

• Internet
– Worldwide collection of millions of computers and
networks
– Derived from the term “internetworking”
– No one actually owns or runs the Internet
– Started in 1969 as a U.S. Department of Defense
project called Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET)
– Evolved into National Science Foundation Network
(NSFNET) in 1987
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The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)

• Internet backbone
– Foundation network linked with fiber-optic cables
– Can support very high bandwidth
– Several private companies operate their own Internet
backbones
– Connect network access points (NAPs)
• World Wide Web (WWW, or “the Web”)
– Graphical interface to the largely text-based Internet
in 1989
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The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)

• Hypermedia
– Documents can include embedded references to
audio, text, images, video, and other documents
• Hypertext
– Embedded references in hypermedia documents
– Links users can click to follow a particular thread
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Domain Name System

• Domain names
– Unique identifiers of computer or network addresses
on the Internet
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
– 208.77.188.166
– Assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN)
• Domain Name System (DNS)
– Domain names are converted to IP addresses
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Domain Name System (cont’d.)

• Uniform resource locators (URLs)
– Identify a Web page; the address of a document or
site on the Internet
– Suffix indicating the top-level domain (TLD) it belongs
to
• TLD
– Organizational (gTLDs)
– Country-code (ccTLDs)
• Understand the parts of a URL
– http://www.csub.edu/~hbidgoli/books.html
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Table 7.1 Generic Top-Level Domains
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What Is HTML?
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
– Language used to create Web pages
• Structure for an HTML document:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
(Enter the page’s description.)
</HEAD>
<BODY>
(Enter the page’s content.)
</BODY>
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</HTML>
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Types of Internet Connections

• Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
– Up to 1.5 Mbps in both directions
• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
– Upstream rates 3.5 Mbps
– Downstream rates typically 24 Mbps
• Very High Speed DSL (VDSL)
– Downstream/ upstream transmission rate up to 100
Mbps over short distances
• T1 or T3 lines
– Equivalent of 24 conventional telephone lines
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Navigational Tools, Search Engines, and Directories

• Navigational tools
– Used to travel from site-to-site or to “surf” the
Internet
• Search engines
– Give you an easy way to look up information and
resources on the Internet
• Directories
– Indexes of information based on keywords in
documents
– Make it possible for search engines to find what
you’re looking for
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Navigational Tools
• Graphical Web browsers
– Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, and Apple Safari
– Menu options
– View browsing history
– Bookmarking
– Setting viewing preferences
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Search Engines and Directories

• Search engine
– Google.com or Ask.com
– Information system that enables users to retrieve
data from the Web by searching for information using
search terms
• Three-step process
– Crawling the Web
– Indexing
– The search process
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Search Engines and Directories (cont’d.)

• Directories
– Organize information into categories
– Types:
• Automated (crawler-based)
• Human powered
• A new search platform from Microsoft
– Bing.com
– “Decision engine”
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Internet Services
• Most services made possible by the TCP suite of
protocols:
– Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
– Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Popular services
– E-mail, newsgroups, discussion groups, Internet Relay
Chat, instant messaging, and Internet telephony
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E-mail
• One of the most widely used services on the
Internet
• Main types
– Web-based e-mail
– Client-based e-mail
• E-mail programs include:
– Folders for organization
– Address books and distribution groups
– Spell checkers
– Delivery notification
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Newsgroups and Discussion Groups

• Discussion groups
– Formed for people to exchange opinions and ideas on
a specific topic
– Group members can post messages or articles that
others in the group can read
• Newsgroups
– Typically more general and can be established for any
topic
– Allow people to get together for fun or for business
purposes
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Instant Messaging
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
– Enables users in chat rooms to exchange text
messages with people in other locations in real time
• Instant messaging (IM)
– Service for communicating with others via the
Internet in a private “chat room”
– Many IM applications are available
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Internet Telephony
• Internet telephony
– Using the Internet rather than the telephone network
to exchange spoken conversations
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
– Requires high-speed Internet connection and
microphone or headset
– International and other long-distance calls are much
less expensive
– Used to route traffic starting and ending at public
switched telephone network phones
– Call quality has been improving
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Web Applications
• Services and products for a wide range of
customers at more competitive prices and with
increased convenience
• Can be used with minimum costs
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Tourism and Travel

• Travel Web sites allow customers to book tickets
for plane trips and cruises, etc.
• InfoHub.com (http://infohub.com/)
– Specialty travel are offered
• Other examples of sites that offer all types of
tourism and travel services:
– Expedia.com, Travel.com, Travelocity. com,
Priceline.com, Hotels.com, and Yahoo! Travel
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Publishing
• Major publishers in the United States and
Europe offer Web sites with:
– Descriptions of forthcoming books
– Sample chapters
– Online ordering
– Include search features
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Higher Education
• Most universities have Web sites offering:
– Information about departments, programs, faculty,
and academic resource
– Virtual tours of the campus
• Online degree programs
– Possible for students who couldn’t attend school
otherwise to enroll in classes
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Real Estate
• Real estate Web sites
– Provide millions of up-to-date listings of homes
• Buyers and sellers can:
– Review neighborhoods, schools, and real estate prices
• Customers can:
– Find realtors and brokerage firms and learn home-
buying tips
• Major real estate Web sites:
– Remax (www.remax.com), Century 21
(www.century21.com), Prudential
(www.prudential.com), and ERA (www.era. com).
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Employment
• Services available:
– Expert advice and tools for managing your career
– Resume assistance, including tools for creating
professional-looking resumes
– Job search tutorials
– Posting and distributing resumes
– Job alerts
– Searches by company, industry, region, or category
– Announcements of job fairs
– Career tests to see what career is right for you
– Salary calculators
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Financial Institutions
• Online banking services
• E-mail to communicate with customers and send
account statements and financial reports
• Helps banks reduce the time and costs of
communicating via phone
• Consumer acceptance has been slow
• Banking services available via the Internet
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Software Distribution
• Vendors distribute software on the Internet as
well as drivers and patches
– Antivirus updates
– Small, fast, and easy to download
• Large programs not distributed via Internet
• Online copyright-protection schemes
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Healthcare
• Possible benefits of Internet use in healthcare
– Store patient records on the Internet
• Accessible from one central location
• Potential problems with information privacy,
accuracy, and currency
– Telemedicine (http://telemedtoday.com)
• Enables medical professionals to conduct remote
consultation, diagnosis, and conferencing
– Telepresence surgery
– Online prescription drugs
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Politics
• Most political candidates now make use of Web
sites
– Announcing platforms
– Publicizing voting records
– Notices of appearances and debates
– Fundraising
• Possible use for legislators voting online
– Security issues
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The Internet in 2020

• More people will use it
• It will be more geographically dispersed
• It will be more a network of devices
• It will carry much more content
• It will be wireless
• Cloud computing will continue to grow
• It will be greener
• Network management will be more automated
• Connectivity will become less important
• There will be more hackers
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Intranets
• Network within an organization that uses
Internet protocols and technologies for
collecting, storing, and disseminating useful
information that supports business activities
• Also called “corporate portals”
• For internal use by employees
– Many companies also allow trusted business partners
to access their intranets
• Different from a LAN
• Define and limit access carefully
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Table 7.2 The Internet versus Intranets
The Internet versus Intranets
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Applications of an Intranet
• Human resources management
• Sales and marketing
• Production and operations
• Accounting and finance
• Help organizations move from a calendar- or
schedule-based document-publishing strategy to
one that’s based on events or need
– Reduce the costs and time of document production
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Extranets
• Secure network
– Uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect
intranets of business partners
• Type of interorganizational system (IOS)
– Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
– Electronic data interchange (EDI)
• DMZ
– Refers to the demilitarized zone, an area of the
network that’s separate from the organization’s LAN
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Extranets (cont’d.)
• Advantages of extranets:
– Coordination
– Feedback
– Consumer satisfaction
– Cost reduction
– Expedited communication
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New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras

• Web 2.0
– Trend of Web applications that are more interactive
than traditional Web applications
– Collaboration or e-collaboration
• Web 3.0
– Provides context for searching online information
– Focuses on “intelligent” Web applications using
various applications of artificial intelligent
technologies
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Table 7.4 Web 1.0 versus Web 2.0
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Blogs
• Short for “Weblog”
• Journal or newsletter that’s updated frequently
and intended for the general public
• Many sites offer free space for blogs and even
include posting photos
– Such as Blogger.com
• Blogs on Web sites dedicated to a particular
topic or organization
– Updated with the latest news and views
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Wikis
• Allows users to add, delete, and sometimes
modify content
• Online encyclopedia Wikipedia.org
• Information user can also be an information
provider
• Issue with quality of information
• Wikis have caught on at many companies
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Social Networking Sites

• Broad class of Web sites and services that allow
users to connect with friends, family, and
colleagues online
• Popular social networking sites:
– Facebook, MySpace, and LinkedIn
• Also popular for business use
• Twitter
– Response or comment no longer than 140 characters
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RSS Feeds
• “Really simple syndication”
• Fast, easy way to distribute Web content in
Extensible Markup Language (XML) format
• XML
– Flexible method for creating common formats for
information
– Tags represent the kind of content being posted and
transmitted
– Defines data with a context
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Podcasting
• Electronic audio file posted on the Web for users
to download to their mobile devices
• Has a specific URL and is defined with an XML
item tag
• Usually collected by an “aggregator”
– iTunes or iPodder
• Users can subscribe to a podcast
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The Internet2
• Collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S.
universities and corporations to develop
advanced Internet technologies and applications
– For higher education and academic research
• Gigapop
– Local connection point-of-presence
– Main function is the exchange of I2 traffic with a
specified bandwidth
• Relies on the NSFNET and MCI’s very high-speed
backbone network service
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The Internet2 (cont’d.)

• Applications of Internet2 include:
– Learningware
– Digital Library
– Teleimmersion
– Virtual laboratories
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Summary
• Overview and brief history of the Internet and
the World Wide Web
• Navigational tools, search engines, and
directories
• Internet services
– E-mail, newsgroups, and instant messaging
• Web applications and the service industry
• Intranets and extranets
• Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
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MIS

The Internet and the World Wide Web

The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)

The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)

Domain Name System

Domain Name System (cont’d.)

Types of Internet Connections

Navigational Tools, Search Engines, and Directories

Search Engines and Directories

Search Engines and Directories (cont’d.)

Newsgroups and Discussion Groups

Tourism and Travel

The Internet in 2020

The Internet versus Intranets

New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras

Social Networking Sites

The Internet2 (cont’d.)

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