Quantum mechanics

• The ground-state sub-band energy level always lies above the

conduction band edge.
• The energy difference between the conduction band edge and ground-
state sub-band energy levels increases as we decrease the film thickness.
• This difference pushes the Fermi level up and brings it closer to the
ground-state energy.
• This indicates that for the same bias condition, the quantum
mechanical inversion charge density Qiqm will be less than the classical
inversion charge density Qcli . As a result, the quantum mechanical
threshold voltage of the device becomes higher than the conventional
threshold value.
 This geometrical confinement becomes more and more significant
with reduction in the film thickness. It is well known from quantum
mechanics
Ids-Vgs comparison with and without the quantum mechanical effect