Mrs.

Meghana Goswmi
Final year M.sc nursing
M.B.N.C
 Alford and Beatt, “Planning is the thinking
process, the organized foresight, the vision
based on fact and experience that is required
for intelligent action.”

 Billy E. Goetz, “Planning is fundamentally

choosing and a planning problem arises when
an alternative course of action is discovered.”
Contribution to Efficiency of Primacy of Planning
objectives plans planning premises
 Policy
Timing Alternatives Commitment
framework
 Navigational Competitive
Flexibility
change strategies
 Time

Scope

Managerial levels

Approach used

Degree of formalization

Repetitiveness of the operations in the

firm
Long term Directional Operational

short term Administrative Management

Proactive Informal Functional

Reactive Formal Strategic Tactile

 Strategic planning Tactile planning
It decides the majority goals and It decides the detailed use of
policies of allocation of resources resources for achieving each goal.
to achieve these goals.

It is done at higher levels of It is done at lower levels of

management. management.

It is long term. It is short term.

It is generally based on long term It is generally based on the past
forecast about technology, political performance of the organization.
environment etc.

It is less detailed because it is not It is more detailed because it is less

involved with the day to day involved with day to day operations
operations of organization. of organization.
Based on clearly defined objective

Simple

Be rational and appropriate

comprehensive.

Provide proper analysis and classification of action

Flexible

Balanced

Must use all available resources

Be free from social and psychological biases

Proper coordination among long term and short term

plans
Standing
Short term Long term
plans
plans plans

Single use
plans
Strategic Operational
plans plans
 Planning methods

Standing or Single use plan

Repeated-use plans
1.Objective 1.Programmes
2. Policies 2. Budgets.
3. Procedures
4. Methods
5.Rules
6.Strategies