MUGHAL GARDENS

A group of gardens built by the Mughals in the

Persian style of architecture.

T.V.PRADEEPA PRIYADHARSINI
510311251008
 CONTENT
• Persian garden

• History

• Significant feature

• Type of garden

• Classification of garden

• Examples of each type of

garden

• Application of all the

garden

• Reference
 PERSIAN GARDEN
Common features of
The Persian Persian gardens
Garden refers
to a tradition • A high surrounding wall
and style of
garden design • Straight tile-lined
which
originated in • channels of water
Persia and
• Bubbling fountains
which
influenced the • Trees for shade and fruit
design of
gardens • A Pavilion or gazebo
throughout the
larger region. • Strong emphasis on
flowers in beds and pots
 Humayun, his son, does Jahangir's son, SHAH
not seem to have had JAHAN, marks the
much time for building. apex of Mughal
garden architecture
and floral design.

Akbar built several He is famous for the

The founder of gardens first in construction of
the Mughal empire, Akbar’s
Delhi, then in Agra, the Taj Mahal and
BABUR , described heir, JAHANGIR, did
Akbar’s new capital. the Red Fort which
his favourite type of not build as much, but
contains the Mahtab
garden as he helped to lay out
bagh.
a CHARBAGH. the famous Shalimar
garden and was
(dividing the known for his great
garden into four love for flowers.
equal quarters)
FEATURES
1. Significant use of
rectilinear layouts
are made within the
walled enclosures.

2. Typical features
include pools,
fountains and
canals inside the
gardens.
3. Had handsome walls and great gateways
More like forts than gardens
City was pleasantly adorned

4. Most important feature of Mughal garden is Char Bagh planning.

5. Mughals
were obsessed
with symbol
and
incorporated it
into their
gardens in
many ways.
6. Include trees of various
sorts, some to provide
shade merely, and others
to produce fruits;

flowers, colorful and sweet-

smelling;

grass, usually growing wild

under the trees;

birds to fill the garden with

song; the whole cooled by
a pleasant breeze.
7. The garden
might include a
raised hillock at
the center,
reminiscent of the
mountain at the
center of the
universe in
cosmological
descriptions, and
often surmounted
by a pavilion or
palace.
• Rectangular
Pearl garden

• long Butterfly
garden

• circular gardens

• terraced garden
 PALACE GARDEN

• Gardens along with such water devices as tanks, canals,

cascades and fountains.
• Illustrated by a large no. of paintings of this period
• Example : Garden around a fort at Agra
• Universally planned
in the midst of a
CHAR BAGH

• founded with
architectural
elements such as
STONE
PATHWAYS,
CANALS, LILY
POND, LOTUS-
TANKS, STAIRS ,
CASCADES and
WATERFALLS.

• Example :
Humayun’s Tomb
• Gardens were laid down independently on a plain surface on char bagh plan ,
enclosed on all sides by a PARKOTA ( RAMPATS )with a main gateway in the
south and with some ornamental gateways on other sides.
• Divided in four equal parts by four CANALS running from central platform with
stone or or brick paved causeways on both sides ,having tanks ,and cascades
sometimes.
• Perfectly unified homogeneous composition.
• Pleasure pavilion was originally built on the central later sometimes replaced
by a tomb of the owner of the garden.
• Ex: Garden in Taj Mahal
• laid out with all the basic elements of the plain garden in several terraces
• had a central canal in the middle, descending from one terrace to the other,
through broad fish scaled cascades and relay-tanks
• each terrace generally having its own independent CHAR BAGH plan.
• Ex : Shalimar bagh
• AFGHANISTAN
• Bagh-e Babur(Kabul) VARIOUS MUGHAL
• INDIA
• Humayun's Tomb-Delhi GARDENS
(Nizamuddin)
• Taj Mahal-Agra
• Ram Bagh-Agra
• Mehtab Bagh-Agra
• Shalimar Gardens (Kashmir)-
Kashmir
• Safdarjung's Tomb
• Yadvindra Gardens-Pinjore
• Khusro Bagh, Allahabad
• PAKISTAN
• Chauburji(The Gate to the Mughal
Gardens)
• Lahore Fort
• Shahdara Bagh
• Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)
• Hazuri Bagh
• The Ram Bagh is the
oldest Mughal Garden in
India.

• Built by the Mughal

Emperor Babur in 1528
A.D.

• Planned following the

char bagh pattern

• Four main divisions

crisscrossed by paths
and waterways.

• Located about five

kilometres northeast of
the Taj Mahal.
• Water represented life

• The garden is a Paradise

garden or Char bagh, where
pathways and canals divide
the garden to represent the
Islamic ideal of paradise, an
abundant garden through
which rivers flow.

• In Ram Bagh water cascades

down three terraces in a
sequence of cascades.

• Two viewing pavilions face

the Jumna river and
incorporates a subterranean
'tahkhana' which was used
during the hot summers to
provide relief for visitors.

• The garden has numerous

water courses and fountains.
• Humayun's Tomb was
the first garden tomb
made in India.

• The garden is divided

into 36 squares by a grid
of water channels and
paths.

• These channels of water

also facilitates the
formation of Charbagh at
Humayun’s Tomb.

• The highly geometrical

and is divided into four
squares by paved
walkways and two
bisecting central water
channels.
• The laying down of the
gardens in the Persian style
was introduced by Babur and
continued till the period of
Shah Jahan

• While the main tomb took

over eight years to build, it
was also placed in centre of a
30-acre (120,000 m2) Char
Bagh Garden which was the
first of its kind in the South
Asia in such a scale.

• The highly geometrical and

enclosed Paradise Garden is
divided into four squares by
paved walkways (khiyabans)
and two bisecting central
water channels, reflecting the
four rivers that flow in jannat,
the Islamic concept of
paradise.
The central water channels appear to be disappearing
beneath the tomb structure and reappearing on the other
side in a straight line, suggesting the Quranic verse, which
talks of rivers flowing beneath the 'Garden of Paradise'.
 Built by Shah Jahan

 According to the holy kuran,

a garden is symbolic of
paradise.

 The complex is set around a

large 300-meter square char
bagh, a Mughal garden.

• Garden divided into 4

parts(importance of number
4 in Islam)

• Further divided into 16

sections

 The tank has been arranged

to provide a crystal clear
view of Taj in its water
• Trees of Taj garden are either that of Cyprus (signifying death) or of the fruit bearing
type (signifying life) .arranged in a symmetrical pattern

• Garden conjures up the Islamic concept of heaven where rivers of water, milk, wine
and honey flow

• Water in the canals was drawn from the river using purs, a system of drawing water
physically from river using bucket and ropes.

• For irrigation the water from the overflowing canals was used
 SHALIMAR BAGH
• Shalimar Bagh is a Mughal
garden
• Linked through a channel to
the northeast of Dal Lake.
• On its right bank located near
Srinagar city.
• It is also based on charbagh
concept.
• The garden built with a size of
587 meters ,length on the
main axis channel and with a
total width of 251 meters .
• The garden has three terraces
fitted with fountains and with
chinar tree-lined vistas.
• Broad green paths bordered
the lake with rows of chinar
trees.
• The first terrace is a public
garden ending in the Diwan-e-
Aam (public audience hall). In
this hall, a small black marble
throne was installed over the
waterfall.

• The second terrace garden

along the axial canal, slightly
broader, has two shallow
terraces. The Diwan-i-Khas (the
Hall of Private Audience), which
was accessible only to the
noblemen or guests of the
court.

• In the third terrace, the axial

water channel flows through
the Zenana garden, which is
flanked by the Diwan-i-Khas and
chinar trees.
• At the entrance to this terrace,
there are two small pavilions
(built in Kashmir style on stone
plinth) that is the restricted and
controlled entry zone of the
royal harem.

• Shahajahan built a baradari of

black marble, called the Black
Pavilion in the zenana garden.

• It is encircled by a fountain pool

that receives its supply from a
higher terrace.

• A double cascade falls against a

low wall carved with small
niches, behind the pavilion.

• The Shalimar Bagh is well

known for chini khanas, or
arched niches, behind garden
waterfalls.
• The Mughal Gardens situated at
the back of the Rashtrapati
Bhavan, incorporates both
Mughal and English landscaping
styles and Feature a vast variety
of flowers.

• 20th century By Sir Edwin

Lutyens

• A terraced char bagh with two

north-south & east-west
water channels with
Fountains at crossings.

• There is a butterfly garden

about the circular pool and
there also is a rose garden.
 LONG GARDEN OR THE
'PURDHA GARDEN'
• located to the West of the Main
Garden

• runs along on either side of the

central pavement which goes to the
circular garden.

• Enclosed in walls about 12 feet high

this is predominantly a rose garden.

• It has 16 square rose beds encased in

low hedges. There is a red sandstone
pergola in the centre over the cental
pavement which is covered with Rose
creepers, Petrea, Bougainvillea and
Grape Vines.

• Along the walls are planted the China

Orange trees.
 TERRACE GARDEN
• There are two longitudinal
strips of garden at a higher
level on either side of the
Main Garden forming the
Northern and Southern
boundary.

• The plants grown are the

same as in the Main Garden.
At the centre of both the
strips is a fountain which falls
inwards forming a well.

• On the Western tips are

located two gazebos and on
the Eastern tips two ornately
designed sentry posts.
 THE CIRCULAR (SUNKEN OR
BUTTERFLY) GARDEN

• This is the westernmost portion of the

garden.

• planted with fragrant varieties like Stock,

Verbena, Mignonette, with tall Dahlias
planted along the and Jasmines of all
kinds tenderly leaning on to the circular
enclosure.

• There is a bubble fountain concealed in

a pool in the center Soft
• Unsuspecting butterflies flutter
incessantly..

• Around the circular garden there are

rooms for Office of the horticulturist, a
green house, stores, nursery etc.

• Here only is housed the collection of

Bonsais, one of the best in the country.
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