TENSES

DEFINITION
A verb form that indicates, or can
indicate, a relationship between the
time the action in a verb occurs and
the time the verb is uttered.
PRESENT TENSES
 Simple Present
(+) Subject + Verb 1 (+es/s) + (Object/Adverbs/Adjective)
Examples: You eat an apple everyday
She goes to school

(-) Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 + (Object/Adverbs)

Examples: You do not eat an apple everyday
She does not go to school

(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + (Object/Adverbs)?

Examples: Do you eat an apple everyday?
Does she go to school?
 Present Continuous
(+) Subject + is, am, are + Verb-ing + (Obj/Adv/Adj)
Examples: Siti is studying English now
I am playing in the yard
They are writing a poem

(-) Subject + is, am, are + not + Verb-ing + (Obj/Adv/Adj)

Examples: Siti is not studying English now
I am not playing in the yard
They are not writing a poem

(?) Is, Am, Are + Subject + Verb-ing + (Obj/Adv/Adj)?

Examples: Is Siti studying English now?
Am I playing in the yard?
Are they writing a poem?
 Present Perfect
(+) Subject + have/has + Verb 3 + (Obj/Adv/Adj)
Examples: We have done the homework for 2 hours
He has played cards since 9 P. M

(-) Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3 + (Obj/Adv/Adj)

Examples: We have not done the homework for 2 hours
He has not played cards since 9 P. M

(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + (Obj/Adv/Adj)?

Examples: Have we done the homework for 2 hours?
Has he played cards since 9 P. M?
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
+ Subject + Have/Has + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Have/Has + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

? Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

+ It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.

- We have not been swimming in pool for this day.

? Has he been returning money that he borrowed this day?

Jawaban: Yes, he has, atau No, he has not.

? How long has she been teaching at the university?

 Simple Present
It is used for expressing daily activities or habitual actions; or general truths
Examples: I take a bath at 6 in the morning
The sun rises at the east

 Present Continuous
It is used for expressing the action that is happening now, at this time or at
present.
Example: We are studying English

 Present Perfect
It is used for expressing an action that has happened in the past
but still happening now.
Examples: You and I have eaten for half an hour
KETERANGAN AJA
PAST TENSES
 Simple Past Tense
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + (Object/Adverbs/Adjective)
Examples: You ate an apple yesterday
She went to school

(-) Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + (Object/Adverbs)

Examples: You did not eat an apple yesterday
She did not go to school

(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + (Object/Adverbs)?

Examples: Did you eat an apple everyday?
Did she go to school?
 Past Continuous Tense
(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + (Obj/Adv/Adj)
Examples: Siti was studying when he came
I was playing cards at this time yesterday
They were writing while she was sleeping
(-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing + (Obj/Adv/Adj)
Examples: Siti was not studying when he came
I was not playing at this time yesterday
They were not writing while she was sleeping
(?) Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing + (Obj/Adv/Adj)?
Examples: Was Siti studying when he came?
Were they writing while she was sleeping?
 Past Perfect Tense
(+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + (Obj/Adv/Adj)
Examples: Siti had studied English last year
I had played cards before went to school
(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + (Obj/Adv/Adj)
Examples: Siti had not studied English
I had not played yesterday
(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + (Obj/Adv/Adj)?
Examples: Had Siti studied English before went abroad?
Had they written a letter last night?
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
+ Subject + Had + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Had + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

? Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

? Question Word + Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING)

+ Object?

+ He had been looking for the thief for two years before he
caught him.
- I had not been feeling so good, my body was tired.
? Had you been looking news on television for this evening?
Jawaban: Yes, I had, atau No, I had not.
? How long had he been playing Xbox when his mother went to
market?
FUTURE TENSES

 Simple Future Tense

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + Verb 1 + Object

? WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?

? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 ?

+ She will go to Paris tomorrow.

- She will not (won't) go to Paris tomorrow.
? Will she go to Paris tomorrow ?
Jawaban: Yes She will, atau She, will not (won't)

? When will she go to Paris?

Who will come here?
 Future Continuous Tense
+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) +
Object?

+ He will be talking for the business until ten o’clock.

I will be working at 10 am.

- You will not be leaving at this time. Because the car will be taken to
repair.

? Will she be playing tennis tomorrow?

Jawaban: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)

? What will you be doing at 10 pm tonight?

 Future Perfect Tense
+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + Have + Verb 3 + Object
- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + HAVE + Verb 3 +
Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE +
Verb 3 + Object ?
+ You will have finished the work, by the end of this
month.
- She will not have gone to home by 10 am.
? Will you have finished your work by tomorrow?
Answer: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
Shall he have prepared my motorcycle if all of my friends
will go by next day?
Answer: Yes he shall, atau No, he shall not
? When will they have arrived ?
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
+ Subject + Will / Shall + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
- Subject + Will / Shall + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Will / Shall + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object ?
? Question Word + Will / Shall + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object ?

+ We will have been practicing the examination by next month.

We shall have been sleeping before the morning comes.

- She will not have been going for one year.

? Will the students have been working without their teacher at the time?
Jawaban: Yes, they will / No, they will not (won’t)

? How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
PAST FUTURE TENSE
 Past Future Tense
S+should, would+VI (be)+ ...
S+should, would+not+VI (be)+ ...

should, would+ be + VI + last, ago ?

(+) I should be there day before

(-) You would not come here with him
(?) Would be day a house last year ?
 Past Future Continuous Tense
+ Subject + Should / Would + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
- Subject + Should / Would + NOT + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Should / Would + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Should / Would + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) +
Object?
He would be preparing his car from twelve with Jack to three yesterday noon.
+ They should be studying the lesson in my college for examination last hours.
My mother would be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
- They told me that they wouldn’t be giving the present yesterday morning.
They shouldn’t be sleeping here. They should be studying the lesson now.
Would you be going with Mrs. Anna yesterday evening for studying?
answer: Yes, I would be going with Mrs. Anna from six to seven yesterday for studying.
When your mother cooked. Should you be helping her busy to nine yesterday morning?
? answer: No, I shouldn’t be helping my mother. I should be studying to nine at this yesterday morning.
? When you should be studying mathematics last night?
 Past Future Perfect Tense
+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + Verb 3 + Object
- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + Verb 3 + Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?

+ Anna would have finished her college by the time. I finished my college in
the university two years ago.

- I would not have sent her a letter yesterday.

? Should my father have worn jeans to the party yesterday night?
? How long would you have waited her in in the park? The weather was very cool
last night.
 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

? Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING)
+ Object?
 My mother would have been resigning in this institute for two months by
+
the time, I finished the college three months ago.
The road was dark. By the time we should have been arriving to home last
night.
Sarah should have been looking happy for the gift last night.
He would not have been staying for live in here for two years ago.
-
When it rain. I should not have been going to the cinema at time ago.
You shouldn’t have been sleeping here last night?

? Would they have been surrendering their country for the world peace in the last
year ago?
answer: No, they wouldn’t have been surrendering. They would have been
defending their country for the world peace in the last year ago.
? When should john have been climbing a big mountain?
answer: John should have been climbing a big mountain with his friends last
year.
 CONCLUSION
Formula Tenses General is : 11. Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3.
1. Present Simple Tense S + V1.
2. Present Continuous Tense S + to be (is, am,12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will
are) + V-ing. + have + been + V-ing.
3. Present Perfect Tense S + have/has + V3. 13. Past Future Simple Tense S + would + V1.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + 14. Past Future Continuous Tense S + would
have/has + been + V-ing. + be + V-ing.
5. Past Simple Tense S + V2. 15. Past Future Perfect Tense S + would +
6. Past Continuous Tense S + was/were + V- have + V3.
ing. 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S +
7. Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3. would + have + been + V-ing.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had +
been + V-ing.
9. Future Simple Tense S + will + V1.
10. Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-
ing.
THANK YOU