ANATOMY &

PHYSIOLOGY OF
THE HUMAN
HEART
The Pericardium
 Anatomy of the Heart

•Chambers of the Heart

The heart has four chambers
which constitute the right and left-
sided pumping systems.
The impermeable muscular wall
that divides the heart into two halves
is called the septum.
Anatomy of the Heart
 Anatomy of the Heart

• The Heart Valves

The four valves of the heart permit blood to
flow only in one direction. These valves are
composed of thin leaflets of fibrous tissue.
There are two types of heart valves namely:
-Atrioventricular valve
-Semilunar valve
Anatomy of the Heart

S1 & S2
 Anatomy of the Heart

• The atrioventricular valves are anchored

by collagenous fibers to the papillary
muscles in the ventricular floor. These
fibers are called chordae tendineae.
Physiology of the
Heart
 Physiology of the Heart
• The route and direction of blood flow, which consists of
both pulmonary and systemic circulation, are as follows:
1.From the systemic circulation and portal (liver)
circulation, blood goes to RA via the superior vena cava.
2.From RA, venous blood travels through tricuspid blood
to the RV.
 Physiology of the Heart

3. From RV, venous blood flows through

the pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery.
4. Pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated
blood to the lungs. Lungs oxygenate blood.
5. Pulmonary veins return fresh oxygenated
blood to the LA.
 Physiology of the Heart

6. From LA, blood travels down to LV via

the bicuspid valve.
7. LV ejects blood to the systemic
circulation via the aorta through aortic
valve.
8. Aorta delivers oxygenated blood to the
systemic circulation.
 Physiology of the Heart

• Blood Circulation of the Heart

The heart as a muscular pump can only
function effectively if it is provided with
adequate blood circulation. The network of
coronary arteries and veins are responsible
for this adequate circulation.
Blood Supply to the Heart
 Physiology of the Heart

 Coronary Arteries – the left and right

coronary arteries and their branches are
responsible in supplying oxygen and
nutrients to the heart
 Physiology of the Heart
- Left coronary artery – has three branches
namely: left main coronary artery(LMCA);
left anterior descending coronary artery
(LADCA); and the circumflex coronary artery
-Right Coronary Arteries – supplies
oxygenated blood to the right side of the
heart, it has an additional branch called the
posterior descending coronary artery
 Physiology of the Heart

 Coronary Veins - located superficially

to the coronary arteries, these
transports venous blood to the heart via
the coronary sinus
Posterior View of the Human Heart
Thank you!