IF CLAUSES (CONDITIONALS)

 The Zero Conditional (type 0)

We use The Zero Conditionals to describe routine conditions
that always have the same result. For example, we use them
to describe general truths, scientific facts etc.

If + The Present Simple + The Present Simple

 If you heat ice, it melts.
 If you heat water to a hundred degrees, it boils.
 If there is a power cut, the lights go out.
 If you fire the gun, you kill him
 If it rains, plants grow.
 You get 5 in the exam if you answer all the questions in a
correct way.
 The type 1 Conditionals
If + The Present Simple + will/ can/ may/ might/ be going to

 If it rains, we will get wet.

 If I have enough money, I will buy this car.
 If study hard, you will be a successful student.
 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we may go for a picnic.
 If you are careful, you won’t have an accident.
 You will be at school in time if you get up early.
 Your friends may come to your party if you invite them.
 If you see Ali, can you ask her to phone me?
 Don’t wait for me if I am late this morning.
 I am going to the concert if I get a ticket.
 If he doesn’t feel well tomorrow, he will stay at home.
 UNLESS
 If he doesn’t work hard, he can’t pass his exam.
Unless he works hard, he can’t pass his exam.
 You won’t catch the bus if you don’t leave immediately.
You won’t catch the bus unless you leave immediately.
 If you don’t pay the bill, you can’t leave the restaurant.
Unless you pay the bill, you can’t leave the restaurant.
 If you don’t have enough money, you can’t buy this car.
Unless you have enough money, you can’t buy this car.
 You will get wet if you don’t take your umbrella.
You will get wet unless you take your umbrella.
AS SOON AS
 As soon as I get home, I will phone you.
 As soon as she prepares the food, she will invite us to the
dinner.
 I will inform you as soon as I learn exam results.
 They will visit us as soon as they arrive in Istanbul.
 The type 2 Conditionals
Type 2 Conditionals are used to express an imaginary or
improbable situation, which is unlikely to happen in the present.

If + past simple + would /could/ might

 If I had enough money, I would buy a Mercedes.

 If he had some time, he would help us.
 If you invited her to the dinner, she would be very pleased.
 If I were you, I wouldn’t smoke.
 You would feel healthier if you stopped smoking.
Note: We often use “were” instead of “was” in type 2 Conditionals
 If she were rich, she would wear expensive clothes.
 If he weren’t ill today, he would go to school.
 If it weren’t rainy today, we would have a picnic.
 The type 3 Conditionals
Type 3 conditionals express imaginary situations in the
past; that is, they refer to past situations that did not happen.

If + past Type 3 conditionals express

imaginary situations in the past; that is,
 If you hadn’t missed the bus, you wouldn’t have been late for
they refer to past situations that did not
work yesterday.
happen.
 If he had called me earlier, I would have joined the meeting.
 If you hadn’t been in a hurry, you wouldn’t have forgotten your
keys.
perfect + would/could/might have Verb3
 If she had studied hard, she wouldn’t have got a low grade.
 If you hadn’t been ill, you would have gone to the party.
 Jason wouldn’t have broken his arm if he had been more
careful.
 Helen wouldn’t have got wet if she hadn’t taken her umbrella.
 EXERCISES
had looked
1. If you………………………….(look) both ways before crossing the road, you
wouldn’t have been knocked down.
were
2. If I…………………(be) would phone
you, I……………………...(phone) my mother tonight.
had stopped
3. He had a terrible accident yesterday. If he………..…………………(stop)
wouldn’t have had
the car, he…………………………………..(not have) an accident.
would give
4. I………………………..(give) won
some money to charity if I………………………
(win) a lottery, but unfortunately I don’t have much money.
study
5. I have got an important exam tomorrow. If I………………………...(study)
will get
hard, I………………………..(get) a high grade.
leave will be
6. Unless we………………………….(leave) now, we……………………….(be)
late.
 wouldn’t have phoned
7. A: My friend phoned me yesterday. B: Your friend……………………………..
hadn’t met
(not phone) if you……………………………(not meet) her in the street.
hadn’t woken up
8. I wasn’t late for work today. If I…………………………….(not wake up) early,
would have been
I……………………………………..(be) late for work.
had
9. If I………………………….(have) would tidy
more time, I……………………….(tidy) the
garden, but I have to go now.
phones
10. John will probably phone me. If he……………………………(phone),
will tell
I………………………….(tell) him your message.
11. If I……………………(be)
were you, I…………………………….(get)
would get someone to
help me.
hadn’t been
12. A: Mum, Dad shouted at me. B: Well, if you………………………………….
wouldn’t have shouted
(not be) naughty, he…………………………………..(not shout) at you.
 wouldn’t have failed
13. A: I failed my exam yesterday. B: Well, you……………………………….
had studied
(not fail) if you……………………………(study) harder.

were
14. A: I have got a terrible headache. B: If I……………………….(be) you,
would go
I……………………...(go) to the dentist.
hadn’t left
15. A: I am sorry. B: What for? B: If I……………………………(not leave) the door
wouldn’t have escaped
open, the cat…………………………………..(not escape).
does
16. Peter is very fat. If he…………………………….(do) lots of exercise,
will be
he………………………….…….(be) fit and healty.

rains
17. Unless it………………………(rain), will go
we………………………..(go) for a walk.
 hadn’t been
18. A: Why are you so upset? B: Because it is all my fault. If I……………………...
wouldn’t have missed
(not be) late, we……………………………………(not miss) the bus.
were
19. If we………………………….(be) would have
in Antalya now, we………………………….
(have) a great time, but we are in Istanbul.

had been
20. A: I dropped a glass and cut my finger. B: Well, if you…………………………..
wouldn’t have cut
(be) more careful, you……………………………..(not cut) yourself.