Welcome

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

MOVABLE SAND RAMMING MACHINE
 ABSTRACT




 Ramming is one of the important Sand Ramming process in
manufacturing components for various applications in industry. Casting
of any size and shape can be made accurately. Automation in this field
helps to improve the foundry environment and accuracy of the cast
parts. Efficiency of Ramming is affected by various parameters like
permeability, collapsibility, adhesiveness etc. So it is a must to avoid
defects in ramming. The defects occur in sand ramming post a great
problem in foundry.. Even though skilled labor is employed for ramming
operation, the packing of sand will not be even throughout the
ramming operation. So we have selected the idea of
fabricating “MOVABLE SAND RAMMING MACHINE”. This rammer is
operated automatically. By using this rammer sand will be packed
evenly throughout the box or land. This is an era of automation where
it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by mechanical
power in all degrees of automation.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power supply

Motor pulley

Ramming process

tool

Rack and pinion

arrangement
 Gears

Gears,toothed wheels or cogs are positive type drives which are used to transmit motion
between two shafts or a shaft and a component having linear motion, by meshing of two
or more gears. They have advantage over other drives like chains, belts etc. in case of
precision machines where a definite velocity ratio is of importance and also in case where
the driver and the follower are in close proximity; the downside is that gears are more
expensive to manufacture and their operating cost is also relatively high.
Power screws are used to convert rotary motion in to translational motion. It is alsocalled
translational screw.
RACK AND PINION

. A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear
motion. A circular gear called "the pinion" engages teeth on a linear "gear" bar called "the rack"; rotational motion applied to the
pinion causes the rack to move relative to the pinion, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion into linear motion.
 PULLEY


 A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of
direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. In
the case of a pulley supported by a frame or shell which does not transfer power to a shaft,
but is used to guide the cable or exert a force, the supporting shell is called a block, and the
pulley may be called a sheave.
 A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate
the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain.
 Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used to lift
weights. Pulleys are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical
advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of belt and chain
drives in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another
 AC MOTOR




 An AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC motor commonly consists
of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating
magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field.
The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC
electrical windings.
 Less common, AC linear motors operate on similar principles as rotating motors but have their stationary
and moving parts arranged in a straight line configuration, producing linear motion instead of rotation. The
two main types of AC motors are induction motors and synchronous motors. The induction motor (or
asynchronous motor) always relies on a small difference in speed between the stator rotating magnetic field
and the rotor shaft speed called slip to induce rotor current in the rotor AC winding. As a result, the
induction motor cannot produce torque near synchronous speed where induction (or slip) is irrelevant or
ceases to exist. In contrast, the synchronous motor does not rely on slip-induction for operation and uses
either permanent magnets, salient poles (having projecting magnetic poles), or an independently excited
rotor winding. The synchronous motor produces its rated torque at exactly synchronous speed.
The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed synchronous motor system has an independently excited rotor
winding that does not rely on the principles of slip-induction of current. The brushless wound-rotor doubly
fed motor is a synchronous motor that can function exactly at the supply frequency or sub to super multiple
of the supply frequency.
 Other types of motors include eddy current motors, and AC and DC mechanically commutated machines in
which speed is dependent on voltage and winding connection.

 SWITCH

 In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break" an electrical
circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The mechanism of a switch
removes or restores the conducting path in a circuit when it is operated. It may be operated manually, for
example, a light switch or a keyboard button, may be operated by a moving object such as a door, or may
be operated by some sensing element for pressure, temperature or flow. A switch will have one or more sets
of contacts, which may operate simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately. Switches in high-powered
circuits must operate rapidly to prevent destructive arcing, and may include special features to assist in
rapidly interrupting a heavy current. Multiple forms of actuators are used for operation by hand or to sense
position, level, temperature or flow. Special types are used, for example, for control of machinery, to
reverse electric motors, or to sense liquid level. Many specialized forms exist. A common use is control of
lighting, where multiple switches may be wired into one circuit to allow convenient control of light
fixtures.
 By analogy with the devices that select one or more possible paths for electric currents, devices that route
information in a computer network are also called "switches" - these are more usuallyelectromechanical
toggles or pushbutton devices, and operate without direct human interaction.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The MOVABLE RAMMING machine using pulley system consists of a pinion

which is connected to the motor. motor is used to lift the weight. The motor
is also connected to a BELT which is connected through a of pulleyswith
gear arrangements. A pulleys used in this construction. . As pulleys are
connected on both side of the construction so we can easily lift heavy
weight to ramming operations.
The belt is rotated by means of a handle which is placed on a rotating plate.
Belt is connected to the rotating . A handle is connected to the ram plate.
When the handle is rotated the movement of the rod transmits the power to
the pulleys through a rack and pinnion. Using pulley we can lift heavy loads
very easily. This movable ramming system is used very widely. In this
project used strong for ramming process.
When switch the power, automatic Rotation of handle provides power to the
tool, the rotate motion convert in to liner motion , electrical energy convert
into mechanical energy ,which in turn pulls the rope. The movement of the
motor lifts the ram tool and hence load is ramming. This system can be
used to heavy ramming easily because of the arrangement .
 ADVANTAGES

 Compact in size, low weight and stable
 Low cost of manufacture.
 Simple construction
 No maintenance cost
 Long life
 Heavy load can be lifted
APPLICATION

 APPLICATION
 Automobile Garages
 Machineries etc.,



CONCLUSION

 With the idea on view, we have completed the project

titled “THE MOVABLE RAMMING MACHINE ”
 By means of this machine USE FOR RAMMING heavy
operation can be performed using same power. So this
device can be used for various operations with a less
amount of investment.
 This is one of the most reliable and simple machine in
the machine shop in which we can lift any type of heavy
load easily using less power
RREFERENCE

. S.S. Rattan. “ Theory of Machines

THANK YOU