EiT-M

School of Mechanical and

Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering Dep’t
Presentation on Introduction to Modelling and Simulation
By
Getahun Sorsa
Id No – EITM/Pr136389/10
Outlines
Discussion on different examples of system and their
corresponding components
Examples on different types of model
The DES model discussion of single machine with
failure, an inspection station and associated inventory

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1. Different examples of System and its
components
1. A grocery :-
Entities: client, cashier, distributor, salesperson.
Attributes of a cashier: faster, reliable, responsible, skilled in
mathematics.
Attributes of a distributor: faster, reliable, responsible, punctual.
Attributes of a salesperson: faster, reliable, responsible, skilled in sales.
Activities: sell products, fill displays, organize the supermarket carts
Events: arrival and departure of clients, reception of products, lack of
products.
State variables: number of people that pay with cash or credit card,
number of clients waiting for attention, number of sold products per day

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Conti. …
2. An ATM service
Entities: Customer, ATM.
Attributes of Customer: Must have ability to operate the machine
Attributes of an employee: Faster, Reliable and easy to operate
Activities: Ordering machine to process the operation. Taking money.
Events: Lack ATM, Damages of the machine, Arrival and
departure of users, Busy or idle
State variables: Number of customers waiting for service,
Number of available ATM
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Conti. …
3. Hospital Maternity(Delivery) room
Entities: doctor, nurse, pregnant mothers, equipment.
Attributes of a doctor: safe, expert in his/her science, calm, intelligent and skilled
in delivery.
Attributes of a nurse: safe, expert in her science, patient, responsible and skilled
in delivery.
Attributes of the equipment: high capability, long-lasting, sterilized.
Activities: vaccinate, Treating before and after delivery, administering medicines,
heal the wounds, evaluate the patients.
Events: lack of medicines, lack of staff, lack of beds, arrival and departure of
patients.
State variables: number of patients, amount of administrated medicines, number
of empty beds, number of registered cases
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Conti. …
4. A Laundry service
Entities: client, washing machines, employees.
Attributes of a client: hurried, with a lot of clothing to wash.
Attributes of a washing machine: faster, economic, high capability, long-lasting.
Attributes of an employee: faster, reliable, responsible, expert in repairing and
installing washing machines.
Activities: wash clothes, separate clothes by colors and characteristics, dry
clothes, collect payments.
Events: arrival and departures of clients, faults in the washing machines,
damages in the clothing, lack of washing materials.
States variables: number or clients per day, number of washing machines,
amount of pounds of washed clothing per day

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5. A City bus Service
oEntities: client, bus driver, bus, Assistant
oAttributes of a bus driver: responsible, respectful, reliable, good driver.
oAttributes of a bus: economic, good condition, long-lasting.
oAttributes of a assistant: responsible, respectful, faster with the callings.
oActivities: pick passengers, answer callings, deliver things, collect
payments.
oEvents: Buses with mechanical problems, Buses with flat tires, absence of
Bus drivers, detained buses.
oState variables: number of clients, amount of gained money per day,
number of received callings per day

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2. Examples on types of model

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Conti. …
 Examples for Physical model
Modelling airplane
Modelling car
 Examples of Mathematical Model
Modelling a geographical map projection of a region of the earth
onto a small plane surface which can be used for many purposes such
as planning travel.
Modelling and Predicting the position of a vehicle from its initial
position, direction and speed of travel by using the equation that
distance traveled is the product of time and speed

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Conti. …
 Examples of Static Physical Model
When an architect before constructing a building makes a scaled
down model of the building, which reflects all it rooms, outer design
and other important features. This is an example of static physical
model
Modelling small water tanks for conducting trials in water, this tank
can be treated as a static physical model of ocean because of the
measurements that are taken represent attributes of the system
being studied under one set equilibrium conditions even if air is
blown over the model, or the model is pulled through the water

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Conti. …
 Examples of Dynamic physical model
omodelling wind tunnel, small aircraft models for air is blown over
them with different velocities and pressure profiles are measured
with the help of transducers embedded in the model
oRepresenting or modelling the suspension of an automobile wheel
when the automobile body is assumed to be immobile/fixed in a
vertical direction

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Conti. …
 Examples of Static Mathematical Model
oModelling and representing the building by an equation relating lengths
and weights on each side of a playground variation.
oThe calculation of mechanical stress in a bridge or other similar structure
 Examples of Dynamic Mathematical Model
oWhen modelling automobile wheel suspension system we have to derive
the equation that describe the behavior of a car wheel. This is an example
of a dynamic mathematical model; in this case, an equation that can be
solved analytically.
oModelling the of motion of the planets around the sun by using equations
which constitute a dynamic mathematical model of the solar system
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Conti. …
 Examples of Numerical static Mathematical Model
Finding the roots of a nonlinear algebraic equation, f(x) = 0, using the
numerical model
Mathematical modelling of mechanical circuit analog system
 Examples of Analytical static Mathematical Model
Modelling simple linear programming
Mixed Integer Linear Programming model
 Examples of Numerical Dynamic Mathematical Model
Modelling the cars crash by using equations of motion
Modeling gear motion on mathematical equations
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Cont. …
 Examples of Analytical Dynamic Mathematical Model
Modelling exponential growth of bacteria by using analytical integration
Modelling population with simple differential equation
 Examples of Static Computer Model
Modelling a stock exchange by a set of agents (traders) that perform discrete
events (buy and sell). There is a time component to this simulation but there are
no variables in the state of the system that need to be continuously modelled
over time
Modelling and simulating two magnets attraction and repulsion property
 Examples of Dynamic computer Model
modelling cloud movement in computer software
Field goal kicking simulation by computer software

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3. DES model of single machine with failure, an
inspection station and associated inventory
No Yes
Warehouse

Job
FCFS Buffer Machine Inspection
conform
Buffer
Job arrival Job Departure

Machine
Failure
Continue the next job
Checking
Yes center No

Corrective actions were taken(Repairing) and/or Replacing the machine

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Thanks !!!!

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