03-OptiX RTN 900 Feature Description

OptiX RTN 900 Feature
Description
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Copyright © 2017 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Describe the networking application under PDH/SDH ,hybrid
microwave and MPLS PWE3 packet modes
 Describe the features and applications of the protection

technologies in OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980 network
Copyright © 2017 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application
2. Microwave Features in OptiX RTN 900
3. Protection Technologies in OptiX RTN 900
Microwave Network Topology
 Basic Topologies
Star
Chain Ring
Tree Mesh
f1 f1
f 1’ f 1’
Low station
Low station
f 1 > f 1’ High station f 1> f 1’
f 1 > f 1’
Network Application
Coarse
Dense
convergence
convergence
layer
layer
Access layer
RTN 910A/950/950A RTN
E1/STM-1/
RTN 905/910A IMA E1/FE/GE
RTN 980
RTN 905/910A
RTN 910A/950/950A
BTS/NodeB/eNodeB BSC/RNC/aGW
Network Application (RTN 905)
 The OptiX RTN 905 is deployed at the access layer. It can
independently construct a network or jointly construct a network with
the OptiX RTN 910A/950/950A or OptiX RTN 980.
E1
FE E1
FE
Regional TDM E1
E1
Network
E1
E1
FE/GE
Regional Packet
Network
E1 FE/GE
E1
FE
FE
NodeB BTS RNC BSC

RTN 905 RTN 950/980
Network Application (RTN 910A)
 The OptiX RTN 910A is deployed at the access and
convergence layers.
 The OptiX RTN 950 is deployed at the access and
convergence layers.
E1/
E1
FE STM-1
E1
FE Regional TDM
E1 E1/ Network
STM-1
FE/GE
E1
FE/GE Regional Packet

Network
FE/GE
E1
FE
FE E1
OptiX RTN 950 MSTP NodeB BTS RNC BSC
Network Application (RTN 950A)
 The OptiX RTN 950A is deployed at the access and
convergence layers.
 The OptiX RTN 980 is large-capacity nodal microwave
equipment deployed at the convergence layer.
Raido trassmission network Regional
backhaul
network
STM-1/4
STM-1/4 TDM Network
(SDH)
STM-1/4
Packet Network FE/GE

GE (PTN)
ATM
FE/GE
FE/GE Ethernet Network
(Metro)
Radio link Cable/fiber
OptiX RTN 980 OptiX RTN 905/910/950 RNC BSC
Questions
 According to the diagram below:
A RNC
B C D
 Which topology is used ?
 If we plan to perform the 1+1 protection in the tree network,

which hop should be performed first ?
Contents
Cross-polarization Interference
Cancellation (XPIC)
 XPIC and CCDP together double the transmission capacity
with channel condition unchanged.
680MHz
30MHz 340 MHz
80MHz 60MHz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’
V (H)
Horizontal
Direction of polarization
electric H (V)
field
680 MHz
30MHz 340MHz
80MHz 60MHz
Vertical
polarization 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’
V (H)
H (V)
1X 2X 3X 4X 5X 6X 7X 8X 1X’ 2X’ 3X' 4X’ 5X’ 6X’ 7X’ 8X’
Description of XPIC
 Triggered point
 IF board (with XPIC feature)
 Triggered condition
 An XPIC IF board processes incoming signals in the horizontal
and vertical polarization directions so that the original signals
can be recovered from interference.
Site A Site B
Modem Modem
ODU 1 f1 ODU 1
Service f1 f1 Service
H
V
Service f1 f1 Service
ODU 2 ODU 2
Modem Modem
Service singnal
H: horizontal polarization direction
V: vertical polarization direction
Description of XPIC (Cont.)
 CCDP channel configuration is as below, used when XPIC
is used.
Typical XPIC configuration (with one

ODU
dual-polarized antenna in separate
mounting mode)
Dual-polarized
antenna
ODU
System control, Switch & Timing board System control, Switch & Timing board
PIU
XPIC IF board
FAN
XPIC IF board
PIU
IDU
Automatic Transmit Power Control
 ATPC is a method of adjusting transmit power based on the
fading of transmit signal detected at the receiver automatically.
modulator transmitter receiver demodulator
ATPC ATPC
demodulator receiver transmitter modulator
ATPC
 If the receive signal level (RSL) at the receiver is 2 dB lower or higher
than the central value of the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower
threshold, the receiver notifies the transmitter of an increase or decrease
in the transmit power.
Relationship between the RSL and TSL
TSL/RSL
TSL
Up-fading
Central value of the
ATPC upper 2 dB
threshold and the RSL
2 dB
ATPC lower
threshold Down-fading
Description of ATPC
 Triggered point
 IF board
 If the RSL at the receiver is 2 dB higher than the central value of the
ATPC upper threshold and or 2db lower than the ATPC lower
threshold.
 Characteristics
 The ATPC function reduces the interference of a transmitter to
adjacent systems and the residual bit error rate.
Adaptive Modulation (AM)
 The AM function helps to adjust the modulation scheme
based on the quality of channels.
Description of AM
 Triggered point
 IF board
 When Rx path detecting that the received SNR (signal noise ratio) is lower
than the threshold for triggering a modulation scheme downshift or up shift.
 Characteristics
 The transmit frequency, receive frequency, and channel spacing do not
change when AM was triggered.
 The lowest modulation mode (guarantee capacity) and the highest
modulation mode (full capacity) actually used by the AM can be configured.
 The AM technology can use the modulation QPSK Strong until 4096 QAM.
AES-based Encryption at Air Interfaces
 Overview
 AES-based encryption at air interfaces uses the Advanced

Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt user data transmitted over
microwave links.
 AES-based encryption at air interfaces involves encryption

authentication, key switching, and payload encryption.
Ethernet Frame Header Compression
 The Ethernet frame header compression function improves
the Ethernet service transmission capabilities
over Integrated IP radio.
Ethernet Frame Header Compression (Cont.)
 Principles
 The Ethernet frame header compression function implements
header compression by substituting indicator bytes for Ethernet
frame header bytes (with the former much less than the latter).
 Compression mode
 L2 header compression
 L3 header compression
Ethernet Frame Header Compression (Cont.)
 Improvement of Microwave Link Throughput
 After the header compression, the throughput of the microwave
link will be hugely improved. Below is a example of ISM6 IF board.
Channel Modulation Maximum Native Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s)

Spacing Scheme Number of E1s Native Ethernet With L2 Frame With L2+L3 With L2+L3
(MHz) in Hybrid Throughput Header Frame Header Frame Header
Microwave (Mbit/s) Compression Compression Compression
(IPv4) (IPv6)
7 QPSK 5 10 to 13 10 to 16 10 to 25 10 to 32
7 128QAM 18 37 to 47 38 to 58 38 to 90 39 to 116
7 1024QAM 25 51 to 65 52 to 80 52 to 123 53 to 158
14 (13.75) QPSK 10 20 to 26 21 to 32 21 to 49 21 to 64
14 (13.75) 128QAM 37 77 to 98 78 to 120 79 to 185 80 to 237
14 (13.75) 2048QAM 55 115 to 146 116 to 179 118 to 276 120 to 354
28 (27.5) QPSK 20 42 to 54 42 to 66 43 to 101 44 to 130
28 (27.5) 128QAM 75 160 to 203 161 to 248 163 to 383 167 to 492
28 (27.5) 4096QAM 75 258 to 327 260 to 400 263 to 617 268 to 792
Enhanced Ethernet Frame Compression
 Based on Ethernet frame compression, enhanced Ethernet
frame compression has the following enhanced functions:
 Not only L2 and L3 frame headers but also Ethernet payloads of
services that are not sensitive to delay are compressed.
 Payload compression can be performed for specified QoS

queues.
 Compression object
 Based on QoS queues
 Compression mode
 Payload compression
Super Dual Band Solution
 Super Dual Band is an cross-band aggregation technology. It
combines common frequency bands (6 GHz to 42 GHz) and E-
band frequency bands (71-76 GHz/81-86 GHz) to implement high-
bandwidth and long-haul transmission.
Super Dual Band Solution (Cont.)
 The Super Dual Band solution uses EM6D board to
implement Super EPLA between RTN 950/950A and RTN
380.
Contents
Service and Equipment Protection
Protected Object Protection Mode Related Product
1+1 HSB OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
Radio link 1+1 SD/FD OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
N+1 protection OptiX RTN 910A/950/950A/980
TDM services SNCP (including radio links and SDH lines) OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
STM-1/STM-4 Linear MSP OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
STM-4 Two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP OptiX RTN 980
LAG (including FE/GE ports and radio links) OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
PLA (Physical Link Aggregation) OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
EPLA (Enhanced Physical Link Aggregation
OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
)
Ethernet EPLA+ (Enhanced Physical Link Aggregation

OptiX RTN 910A/950/950A
plus)
ERPS (including FE/GE ports and radio
OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
links)
MSTP (including FE/GE ports and radio
OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
links)
MPLS MPLS APS OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
PW PW APS OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
ATM over E1 IMA OptiX RTN 905/910A/950/950A/980
1+1 Hot Standby Backup
Active Active
Cross-connection &
mute ODU IF Board
Packet Switching
Board Service
Hybrid coupler board
Antenna
Standby Standby
mute ODU IF Board
1+1 Hot Standby Backup (Hybrid)
 In the transmit
direction,
before the
switching
 In the receive
direction,
before the
switching
1+1 Hot Standby Backup (Hybrid) (Cont.)
 In the transmit
direction, after
the switching
 In the receive
direction, after
the switching
Description of 1+1 HSB
 Switch point
 Cross-connection & Packet Switching board
 Switch condition
 Automatic: IF board hardware fault, ODU hardware fault, microwave
frame loss, etc.
 Manual: locking, forced, manual, and clearing
 Characteristics
 The active/standby unit has no restrictions on the paired slots.
 The switch actions are implemented by the software and hardware.
 The service will be interrupted in the case of switch (< 500 ms).
1+1 Hitless Switch Mode (HSM)
 1+1 Space Diversity (1+1 SD)
1+1 SD Protection
Active
Active
IF Board Cross-connection &
ODU Packet Switching
Board Service
board
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Standby Standby
Mute ODU IF Board
1+1 SD Protection (Hybrid)
 In the transmit
direction,
before the
switching
 In the receive
direction,
before the
switching
1+1 SD Protection (Hybrid) (Cont.)
 1+1 SD HSB
working
principle (after
the switching,
in the transmit
direction)
 1+1 SD HSB
realization
principle (after
the switching,
in the receive
direction)
1+1 SD Protection (Hybrid)
 1+1 SD HSM realization principle (after the switching, in the
receive direction)
The switching occurs on the IF board
Both the cross-connect unit and the packet

switching unit select the service signals
transmitted from the main IF board
1+1 Hitless Switch Mode (Cont.)
 1+1 Frequency Diversity (1+1 FD)
f1
f3
1+1 FD Protection (TDM)
tf1
rf1 Active Active Cross-connection &
ODU IF Board Packet Switching
Board
Service
Antenna Hybrid board
Standby Standby
tf3 ODU IF Board
rf3
1+1 FD Protection (Hybrid)
 In the transmit
direction,
before the
switching
 In the receive
direction,
before the
switching
1+1 FD Protection (Hybrid) (Cont.)
 1+1 FD HSB
working
principle (after
the switching,
in the transmit
direction)
 1+1 FD HSB
realization
principle (after
the switching,
in the receive
direction)
1+1 FD Protection (Hybrid)
 1+1 FD HSM realization principle (after the switching, in the
receive direction)
The switching occurs on the IF board
Both the cross-connect unit and the packet

switching unit select the service signals
transmitted from the main IF board
Description of HSM
 Switch point
 HSM Switch: IF board
 HSB Switch: Cross-connection & Packet Switching board
 Automatic: microwave frame loss, microwave signal loss, microwave
bit error , etc.
 Manual switch: locking, forced, manual, and clearing
 Characteristics
 The Active /standby IF board must be in paired slots.
 Switch is implemented by hardware.
 Service has no interruption during switch.
Reverse Switch
 Scenario
 System fails to detect the hardware faults in transmitting
direction
 Remote site detected the failure and trigger the HSB or SD
switch in local site by RDI.
 Characteristics
 It is only configured in the case of HSB or SD.
 Through the service detection, all the hardware faults in the
transmitting direction can be protected.
Summary
 Please fill the table as follow:
Dual Slots NO. of HSB HSM Reverse

Protection Scheme
limitation Antennas Switching Switching Switching
1+1 HSB
1+1 SD
1+1 FD
Microwave N+1 Protection
 In microwave N+1 protection (1≤ N ≤ M), there is one protection channel
and N working channels, the working service are in the corresponding
working channels and protection channel may used for extra service (M is
7 for the OptiX RTN 950/950A/980 and 5 for OptiX RTN 910A ).
 The working service in some certain channel can be switched to the
protection channel when the failure happened in the corresponding working
channel.
ch1 M1 M1 ch1
ch2 M2 M2 ch2
ch3 M3 M3 ch3
ch4 M4 M4 ch4
chM chM
M M
Controller controller
RFSOH
Microwave N+1 Protection(TDM) - Before
Switching
 Before the switching, the NE sends and receives normal service signals on
the working channels, and sends and receives extra service signals on the
protection channel.
Microwave N+1 Protection(TDM) - After
Switching
 After detecting the problems, the system control unit controls the cross-
connect unit to switch the working service signals to the protection channel
and then interacts with the NE at the opposite end through byte K to perform
synchronous switching. In this case, the extra services are interrupted.
Microwave N+1 Protection(Hybrid) - Before
Switching
 Before the switching, the NE sends and receives normal traffic TDM signals
on the working channels, and sends and receives extra TDM signals on the
protection channel. The LAG uses the load sharing mode to allocate the
Ethernet service traffic to each link according to the result of the algorithm.
Microwave N+1 Protection(Hybrid) - After
Switching
 In the case of TDM services, the switching principles are the same as the
switching principles of the N+1 protection for the SDH microwave.
 In the case of Ethernet services, the switching on the packet plane by
switching the LAG comprising the IF ports.
Description of N+1 Protection
 Switch point
 Cross-connection & Packet Switching board
 Automatic: Signal failure (SF), Signal degradation (SD)
 Characteristics
 The switch actions are implemented by the software and
hardware.
 The N+1 protection is similar to the dual-ended revertive 1:N linear MSP.
Sub Network Connection Protection
Sub-Network 1
Working
SNC SNC SNC
Starting Termination
Node Node
Protection
NE A SNC NE E
Sub-Network 2 Selector
Working channel
Protection channel
Switch Bridge Switch Bridge

Traffic in Traffic out Traffic in Traffic out
Normal condition Failure in working channel
SNCP (cont.)
Concurrent sending
E1
 Traffic transmit and in out
receive conditions in out in

A
normal situation. out in out in
B SNCP Ring D
in out in out
C
in out
Sub-Network 1
Sub-Network 2
out in
STM-1 or MW Link
Selective receiving
E1
SNCP (cont.)
Concurrent sending
E1
 Traffic transmit and in out
receive conditions out in

A
in fiber failure out in out in
situation. B SNCP Ring D

in out in out
Sub-Network 1 C
in out
out in
Switching
STM-1 or MW
Selective receiving Link
E1
Description of SNCP (Cont.)
 Hold-Off Time
 The SNCP protects services, whereas the 1+1 protection, N+1
protection and linear MSP protect links. Hence, when the
SNCP is configured on a link that is already configured with the
link level protection, the hold-off time needs to be set to enable
the link-level protection switching to first occur. Hence, the
SNCP switching does not occur repeatedly due to the
protection switching that occurs on the link.
Description of SNCP (Cont.)
 Switch point
 Cross-connection Unit
 Characteristics
 The service interruption time in the SNCP switching is less than 50 ms.
 The SNCP for different services is triggered by different conditions.
SDH Linear MSP
 1+1 linear MSP
Work channel
Protection channel
Before Switchover
Work channel
Protection channel
After Switchover
SDH Linear MSP (Cont.)
 N:1 linear MSP
Work channel
Protection channel
Before Switchover
Work channel
Protection channel
After Switchover
Description of LMSP
 Protection Type
 Switching Mode:
 Single-ended switching
 Dual-ended switching
 Revertive Mode:
 Revertive mode
 Non-revertive mode
Description of LMSP (Cont.)
 Switch point
 Cross-connection Unit
 Characteristics
 The MSP protocol in ITU-T G.841 is used.
 The service interruption time in the LMSP switching is less than 50ms.
Two-fiber Multiplex Section Shared
Protection Ring (2f-MS SPRing)
Working channel (S): VC4 #1 ~ VC4 #2 Protection channel (P): VC4 #3 ~ VC4 #4
S1 NE A P2
S2 P1
2f-MSSPRing NE D
NE B
STM-4
NE C
2f-MS SPRing (Cont.)
 Normal traffic flow between NE A & NE C
S1
NE A
NE B 2f-MSSPRing NE D
STM-4
S2
NE C
 Switched traffic flow between NE A & NE C
P2
NE A
Bridge &
P1
Switch
STM-4
S2 Pass-through
NE C
S1 P2
 When fiber is repaired, traffic switches back to working
channels after WTR time
S1
NE A
STM-4
S2
NE C
 Protection switching trigger conditions:
 APS
 Signal Failure (SF): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC (Default)
 Signal Degrade (SD): B2_SD (Optional)
 Protection switching restoration:
 APS
 Clearing of SF: R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC
 Clearing of SD: B2_SD
 WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provision able)
 Limitation for Using the RMSP:
 Only the logical board SL4D of CSHN in the Slot 16 and 21 are
available for configuring the 2f-MS SPRing.
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
 ERPS provides protection for LAN services on Ethernet ring
networks.
(E) NE2 (W)
RPL
(W) (E)
NE3
NE1
RPL owner
(W) (E)
(E) (W)
Blocked port NE4
Ring link
Ring link (blocked)
Ethernet service direction
ERPS (Cont.)
(E ) NE 2 (W )
RPL
(W ) (E )
R-APS(NR, RB)
NE 3
NE 1
RPL owner
(W ) (E )
(E ) (W )
Idle state
Blocked port NE 4
Ring link
R-APS(SF)
Ring link (blocked )
(E) NE2 (W) Ethernet service direction
(E) NE2 (W)
(W) Flush Flush RPL (E) R-APS(NR)

Flush (W) (E)
Flush
RPL
NE1 NE3
NE3 RPL owner
Failure
NE1
(W) (E) Flush
(E) (W) RPL owner
(W) (E)
(E) (W)
Flush R-APS(NR)
NE4 R-APS(SF)
Unblocked port
Restoration NE4
Blocked port
state Blocked port
Ring link Protection state Ring link
Ring link (blocked)
Ring link (blocked)
Description of ERPS
 R-APS Message
 A ring-Automatic Protection System Message is a request
message for ERPS switching
 R-APS Timer involves

 Guard timer
 WTR timer
 Hold-off timer
Description of ERPS (Cont.)
 Local SF: hardware fault on the IF board , ODU, VOLT_LOS (on the
IF board), RADIO_TSL_HIGH, RADIO_TSL_LOW,
RADIO_RSL_HIGH, R_LOC, R_LOF, MW_LOF, MW_BER_EXC,
BIP_EXC, and MW_FECUNCOR,ETH_LOS or
ETH_LINK_DOWN ,Received R-APS (SF) packet, Expiration of the
WTR timer ,Received R-APS (NR, RB) packet at the local node
 Characteristic
 ERPS is only available at E-LAN services.
 ERPS and MSTP cannot be configured at the same time.
 ERPS does not support Ethernet tangent rings or intersecting rings.
 Switching time for ERPS will be <100ms.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
 The MSTP protocol is used in Layer 2 networks to block
redundant links to prevent possible loopbacks over a
network.
OptiX RTN OptiX RTN
LAN Switch A LAN Switch B LAN Switch A LAN Switch B
STP/RSTP Pass
Blocked Port
Description of MSTP
 Diagram of STP
SWA SWA
SW SW
B B
SW SW
C C
Root: SWA
Description of MSTP (Cont.)
 Triggered point
 IF boards or Ethernet Boards
 When the service access link become faulty , MSTP generated the
spanning tree protocol to provide protection.
 Characteristics
 MSTP is compatible with the STP and RSTP.
 STP is used to break the network loop as RSTP can stabilized
network topology in shortest time.
 When MSTP port changes, system control unit reports this
performance events.
Link Aggregation Group (LAG)
 In LAG, multiple Ethernet ports are aggregated to form a
logical port.
 LAG help to increase bandwidth and improve link reliability.
End to End RTN Air interface RTN

LAG LAG
Link Aggregation Group (Cont.)
 Load Sharing
 When a member in a LAG links fails ,traffic is relocated
automatically.
LAG Application Scenario
 Non-Load sharing
 One member link carries the traffic as one member link as
standby.
Description of LAG
 Port Types
 Main Port
 The main port represents a logical port aggregated by ports of the
LAG.
 Slave Port (No implemented in Load sharing)

 In LAG, the ports rather than the main port are slave ports.
Description of LAG (Cont.)
 Switching Point
 IF board or Packet Switching Unit
 Switching Condition
 The Ethernet port is in the link down state.
 The microwave port is in the link down state.
 The hardware of an IF unit or ODU is faulty.
 The LACP detects a failure in the link.
 Characteristic
 Switching time for LAG is ≤500ms.
 The Ethernet port in one LAG must be in the same rate.
PLA/EPLA/EPLA+
 PLA ( Physical link aggregation) aggregates all Ethernet
transmission paths in several Integrated IP radio links into a
logical Ethernet link for higher Ethernet bandwidth and
transmission reliability. EPLA is enhanced PLA. EPLA+ is
enhanced PLA plus.
Radio link 1
Native TDM Channel
Ethernet
Channel
Physical
Link
Aggregation
Ethernet
Channel
Native TDM Channel
Radio link 2
PLA
 Link fault switching principles (before switching)
 Link fault switching principles (after switching)
PLA (Cont.)
 Equipment fault switching principles (before switching)
 Equipment fault switching principles (after switching)
EPLA
 Link or Equipment fault switching principles (before
switching)
 Link or Equipment fault switching principles (after switching)
EPLA+
 Switching principles (before switching)
EPLA+ (Cont.)
 Switching principles (after switching)
Description of PLA
 Switch point
 IF board or Packet Switching Unit
 Link fault: MW_LOF, R_LOF, R_LOC, MW_RDI, MW_BER_EXC,
MW_BER_SD
 Equipment fault: HARD_BAD (on the current working IF board),
Board removal/Cold board reset (on the current working IF board)
 Characteristics
 Switching time for Link fault is ≤ 50 ms.
 Switching time for Equipment fault is ≤ 500ms.
 PLA switching does not affect Native TDM services on the radio links.
Description of EPLA/EPLA+
 Switch point
 Packet switching unit
 MW_LOF, R_LOF, R_LOC, MW_RDI, MW_BER_EXC,
MW_BER_SD, HARD_BAD, AES_MAC_ERR, Board removal/Cold
board reset.
 Characteristics
 Switching time ≤ 500 ms (For EPLA, switching time is as low as to 50
ms when the ISU2/ISX2/ISV3/ISM6 is used).
 EPLA/EPLA+ switching does not affect Native TDM services on the
radio links.
Difference between PLA/EPLA/EPLA+/LAG
Difference PLA EPLA EPLA+ LAG Consisting of Air Interfaces
Member links in an air-interface LAG

Ethernet bandwidth Member links in a PLA group may provide different Ethernet
group need to provide the same
requirement bandwidths.
Ethernet bandwidth.
Slot requirement of
member IF boards in a Two paired slots Not specified Not specified Not specified
PLA group
Hash algorithm based on MAC
Load sharing algorithm MAC layer-based traffic balancing algorithm addresses, IP addresses, or MPLS
labels of Ethernet frames
Manual aggregation or static
Link aggregation mode Manual aggregation
aggregation
Maximum number of 7: load sharing
1 3 7
slave ports 1: load non-sharing
Link fault switching time: < 500ms
≤ 50 ms
Switching time (< 50ms when < 500ms < 500 ms
Equipment fault switching used ISU2/IS
time: < 500 ms X2/ISV3/ISM6 )
Link State Pass Through (LPT)
 LPT overview
 With the LPT function enabled, transmission NEs able to detect
a faulty at the service access node or the service network, and
requested a backup network for communication immediately by
the equipment at both ends of the service network.
P2P LPT P2MP LPT
L2 network
L2 network
Backup network
Backup network
LPT master node LPT slave node LPT master node LPT slave node
Description of LPT
 Switch point
 Ethernet Board
 Fault Detection Modes

 Strict mode
 A primary point triggers LPT switchover when all of its secondary
points detect faults.
 Non-strict mode
 A primary point triggers LPT switchover when anyone of its
secondary points detects a fault.
Tunnel/PW APS
 1:1 protection
Node A Node Z
Work Path
Work Path
Protection Path
Protection Path
Tunnel/PW APS (Cont.)
 Single-ended switching
Node A Node Z
Work Path
Work Path
Protection Path
Protection Path
Selective transmission Selective receiving
at the source node at the sink node
Selective receiving Selective transmission
at the sink node at the source node
Tunnel/PW APS (Cont.)
 Dual-ended switching
Node A Node Z
Work Path
Work Path
Protection Path
Protection Path
Selective transmission Selective receiving
at the source node at the sink node
Selective receiving Selective transmission
at the sink node at the source node
Description of Tunnel/PW APS
 Switching point
 IF board ,Ethernet board or CES board
 Switching condition
 MPLS APS can be locally triggered by a signal fail (SF) condition or by an
external switching command.
 Characteristics
 The working tunnel and protection tunnel have the same ingress and
egress nodes.
 MPLS APS is classified into the revertive mode and the non-revertive
mode by revertive mode.
 The service carried by the tunnel is unavailable during the switching (less
than 100 ms).
IMA Protection
 When a link in an IMA group fails, the cells carried by the
link are distributed to other normal links. In this manner, the
IMA services are protected.
Description of IMA Protection
 Switch point
 ATM IMA board-ML1
 Member link failure or faulty in IMA group
 Characteristics
 IMA technology provides inverse multiplexing of an ATM cell
stream over multiple low-speed links and retrieves the original
stream at the far-end from these physical links.
 Maximum number of members can reach until 16 group.
 Maximum delay between links is from 1ms until 120ms.
Coupling of Protection Features
Radio link
1+0 1+1 HSB/SD/FD N+0 N+1 XPIC
Service Protection
SNCP √ √ √ √ √
LMSP x x x x x
MSPRing x x x x x
ERPS √ √ √ √ √
MSTP √ √ √ √ √
LAG x √ √ √ √
PLA x x √ x √
EPLA x √ √ x √
Tunnel/PW APS √ √ √ √ √
IMA √ √ √ √ √
Summary
 Networking application under PDH/SDH and hybrid
microwave modes
 Features and applications of the protection technologies
 Protection technologies in OptiX RTN

905/910A/950/950A/980 network
Thank you
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03-OptiX RTN 900 Feature Description

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03-OptiX RTN 900 Feature Description

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OptiX RTN 900 Feature

Copyright © 2017 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Describe the features and applications of the protection

1. OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application

2. Microwave Features in OptiX RTN 900

3. Protection Technologies in OptiX RTN 900

RTN 910A/950/950A RTN

NodeB BTS RNC BSC

FE/GE Regional Packet

OptiX RTN 950 MSTP NodeB BTS RNC BSC

Packet Network FE/GE

Radio link Cable/fiber

OptiX RTN 980 OptiX RTN 905/910/950 RNC BSC

 Which topology is used ?

 If we plan to perform the 1+1 protection in the tree network,

1. OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application

2. Microwave Features in OptiX RTN 900

3. Protection Technologies in OptiX RTN 900

1X 2X 3X 4X 5X 6X 7X 8X 1X’ 2X’ 3X' 4X’ 5X’ 6X’ 7X’ 8X’

Typical XPIC configuration (with one

modulator transmitter receiver demodulator

demodulator receiver transmitter modulator

 AES-based encryption at air interfaces uses the Advanced

 AES-based encryption at air interfaces involves encryption

Channel Modulation Maximum Native Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s)

 Payload compression can be performed for specified QoS

1. OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application

2. Microwave Features in OptiX RTN 900

3. Protection Technologies in OptiX RTN 900

Ethernet EPLA+ (Enhanced Physical Link Aggregation

The switching occurs on the IF board

Both the cross-connect unit and the packet

The switching occurs on the IF board

Both the cross-connect unit and the packet

Dual Slots NO. of HSB HSM Reverse

Switch Bridge Switch Bridge

Normal condition Failure in working channel

receive conditions in out in

receive conditions out in

situation. B SNCP Ring D

Blocked port NE4

(W) Flush Flush RPL (E) R-APS(NR)

 R-APS Timer involves

 ERPS and MSTP cannot be configured at the same time.

 ERPS does not support Ethernet tangent rings or intersecting rings.

 Switching time for ERPS will be <100ms.

OptiX RTN OptiX RTN

LAN Switch A LAN Switch B LAN Switch A LAN Switch B

 LAG help to increase bandwidth and improve link reliability.

End to End RTN Air interface RTN

 Slave Port (No implemented in Load sharing)

 The microwave port is in the link down state.

 The hardware of an IF unit or ODU is faulty.

 The LACP detects a failure in the link.

 The Ethernet port in one LAG must be in the same rate.

Native TDM Channel

 Link fault switching principles (after switching)

 Equipment fault switching principles (after switching)

 Link or Equipment fault switching principles (after switching)

Member links in an air-interface LAG

 Fault Detection Modes

 Maximum number of members can reach until 16 group.

 Maximum delay between links is from 1ms until 120ms.