SPSS Instructions for Introduction to

Biostatistics

Larry Winner
Department of Statistics
University of Florida
 SPSS Windows
• Data View
– Used to display data
– Columns represent variables
– Rows represent individual units or groups of units that share
common values of variables
• Variable View
– Used to display information on variables in dataset
– TYPE: Allows for various styles of displaying
– LABEL: Allows for longer description of variable name
– VALUES: Allows for longer description of variable levels
– MEASURE: Allows choice of measurement scale
• Output View
– Displays Results of analyses/graphs
 Data Entry Tips I
• For variables that are not identifiers (such as name,
county, school, etc), use numeric values for levels and
use the VALUES option in VARIABLE VIEW to give
their levels. Some procedures require numeric labels
for levels. SPSS will print the VALUES on output
• For large datasets, use a spreadsheet such as EXCEL
which is more flexible for data entry, and import the
file into SPSS
• Give descriptive LABEL to variable names in the
VARIABLE VIEW
• Keep in mind that Columns are Variables, you don’t
want multiple columns with the same variable
 Data Entry/Analysis Tips II
• When re-analyzing previously published data, it is often
possible to have only a few outcomes (especially with
categorical data), with many individuals sharing the
same outcomes (as in contingency tables)
• For ease of data entry:
– Create one line for each combination of factor levels
– Create a new variable representing a COUNT of the number of
individuals sharing this “outcome”
• When analyzing data Click on:
– DATA  WEIGHT CASES  WEIGHT CASES BY
– Click on the variable representing COUNT
– All subsequent analyses treat that outcome as if it occurred
COUNT times
Example 1.3 - Grapefruit Juice Study
crcl
To import an EXCEL file, click on:
38
66 FILE  OPEN  DATA then change
FILES OF TYPE to EXCEL (.xls)
74
99
80 To import a TEXT or DATA file, click on:
64 FILE  OPEN  DATA then change
80 FILES OF TYPE to TEXT (.txt) or
120 DATA (.dat)
You will be prompted through a series of
dialog boxes to import dataset
 Descriptive Statistics-Numeric Data
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES
• Choose any variables to be analyzed and place them in box on right
• Options include:
n

y i n
Mean : y  i 1
Sum :  yi
n i 1

 y 
n
2
i y
Std. deviation : S  i 1
Variance : S 2
n 1
S
S.E. Mean :
n
 Example 1.3 - Grapefruit Juice Study

N
e
ui
mta
md
i
t
t
t
t
tt
ta
i
E
i
i
i
ii
i
8
8
0
1
3
3
1
1 C
8 V
 Descriptive Statistics-General Data
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
FREQUENCIES
• Choose any variables to be analyzed and place them in box on
right
• Options include (For Categorical Variables):
– Frequency Tables
– Pie Charts, Bar Charts
• Options include (For Numeric Variables)
– Frequency Tables (Useful for discrete data)
– Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Percentiles
– Pie Charts, Histograms
 Example 1.4 - Smoking Status

u
P
r
ucc
0
9
9
9 V
N
3
3
3
2 Q
9
6
6
8 Q
2
4
4
2 C
3
8
8
0 O
7
0
0 T
 Vertical Bar Charts and Pie Charts
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names
to variables, click on:
• GRAPHS  BAR…  SIMPLE (Summaries for Groups
of Cases)  DEFINE
• Bars Represent N of Cases (or % of Cases)
• Put the variable of interest as the CATEGORY AXIS

• GRAPHS  PIE… (Summaries for Groups of Cases) 

DEFINE
• Slices Represent N of Cases (or % of Cases)
• Put the variable of interest as the DEFINE SLICES BY
 Example 1.5 - Antibiotic Study
80

60

40

20

5
Count

4
0
1 2 3 4 5

OUTCOME 3

2
 Histograms
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names
to variables, click on:
• GRAPHS  HISTOGRAM
• Select Variable to be plotted
• Click on DISPLAY NORMAL CURVE if you want a
normal curve superimposed (see Chapter 3).
Example 1.6 - Drug Approval Times

30

20

10

Std. Dev = 20.97

Mean = 32.1
0 N = 175.00
0. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 11 12
0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0. 0. 0.
0 0 0

MONTHS
 Side-by-Side Bar Charts

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• GRAPHS  BAR…  Clustered (Summaries for Groups
of Cases)  DEFINE
• Bars Represent N of Cases (or % of Cases)
• CATEGORY AXIS: Variable that represents groups to be
compared (independent variable)
• DEFINE CLUSTERS BY: Variable that represents
outcomes of interest (dependent variable)
 Example 1.7 - Streptomycin Study
30

20
OUTCOME

10
3

5
Count

0 6
1 2

TRT
 Scatterplots

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• GRAPHS  SCATTER  SIMPLE  DEFINE
• For Y-AXIS, choose the Dependent (Response) Variable
• For X-AXIS, choose the Independent (Explanatory)
Variable
 Example 1.8 - Theophylline Clearance
8

2
THCLRNCE

0
.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

DRUG
Scatterplots with 2 Independent Variables

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• GRAPHS  SCATTER  SIMPLE  DEFINE
• For Y-AXIS, choose the Dependent Variable
• For X-AXIS, choose the Independent Variable with the
most levels
• For SET MARKERS BY, choose the Independent Variable
with the fewest levels
 Example 1.8 - Theophylline Clearance
8

DRUG
2
THCLRNCE

Tagamet

1 Pepcid

0 Placebo
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

SUBJECT
 Contingency Tables for Conditional
Probabilities
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, select the variable you are conditioning on
(Independent Variable)
• For COLUMNS, select the variable you are finding the conditional
probability of (Dependent Variable)
• Click on CELLS
• Click on ROW Percentages
 Example 1.10 - Alcohol & Mortality

A
o
0
1 t
5
50W
0
C
% %
%
1
451
C
% %
%
6
95T
C
% %
%
 Independent Sample t-Test

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  COMPARE MEANS  INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES T-TEST
• For TEST VARIABLE, Select the dependent (response)
variable(s)
• For GROUPING VARIABLE, Select the independent
variable. Then define the names of the 2 levels to be
compared (this can be used even when the full dataset has
more than 2 levels for independent variable).
 Example 3.5 - Levocabastine in Renal Patients
S t

E
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N
eeG
6
3
2
2 A
N
6
7
9
7 H

s
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e
2
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d
p
it
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A
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4
1
6
0
4
77
0
3
a
E
6
3
6
77
3
6
n
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum/Mann-Whitney Tests
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names
to variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  NONPARAMETRIC TESTS  2
INDEPENDENT SAMPLES
• For TEST VARIABLE, Select the dependent (response)
variable(s)
• For GROUPING VARIABLE, Select the independent
variable. Then define the names of the 2 levels to be
compared (this can be used even when the full dataset has
more than 2 levels for independent variable).
• Click on MANN-WHITNEY U
Example 3.6 - Levocabastine in Renal Patients

N
fG
A
N
H
T

b
t a

U
M
W
Z
A
E
a
S
a
N
b
G
 Paired t-test

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  COMPARE MEANS  PAIRED
SAMPLES T-TEST
• For PAIRED VARIABLES, Select the two dependent
(response) variables (the analysis will be based on first
variable minus second variable)
 Example 3.7 - Cmax in SRC&IRC Codeine
l

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e
e
N
e
P
S
1
I

e
Ni g
P
S

if
o n
a l
rEe
p
2
e
ee
d
wt
p-
a
a
3
9
2
8
9
6
2
0PS
 Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to

variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  NONPARAMETRIC TESTS  2 RELATED
SAMPLES
• For PAIRED VARIABLES, Select the two dependent (response)
variables (be careful in determining which order the differences
are being obtained, it will be clear on output)
• Click on WILCOXON Option
 Example 3.8 - t1/2SS in SRC&IRC Codeine
n

n
Nf
9
9
0Ia
N
3
3
0 b
P
1 c
T
3 T
a
I
b
I
c
I

t b
a

a
Z
A
a
B
b
W
 Relative Risks and Odds Ratios
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select the Independent Variable
• For COLUMNS, Select the Dependent Variable
• Under STATISTICS, Click on RISK
• Under CELLS, Click on OBSERVED and ROW PERCENTAGES
• NOTE: You will want to code the data so that the outcome present
(Success) category has the lower value (e.g. 1) and the outcome
absent (Failure) category has the higher value (e.g. 2). Similar for
Exposure present category (e.g. 1) and exposure absent (e.g. 2).
Use Value Labels to keep output straight.
 Example 5.1 - Pamidronate Study
R

E V
No
e o
7
9
6 P
P
C
%
%
% %
4
7
1 P
C
%
%
% %
1
6
7 T
C
%
%
% %

o n
e r
p
awp
lu
O
6
3
0
(
F
7
2
5
Y
F
6
3
6
N
7 N
 Example 5.2 - Lip Cancer
E

C R
No
e o
t
9
9
8 P
Y
C
%
%
% %
8
1
9 N
C
%
%
% %
7
0
7 T
C
%
%
% %

n
e r
pwl
p u
O
3
1
9
P
F
6
8
5
Y
8
2
4 F
7 N
 Fisher’s Exact Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select the Independent Variable
• For COLUMNS, Select the Dependent Variable
• Under STATISTICS, Click on CHI-SQUARE
• Under CELLS, Click on OBSERVED and ROW
PERCENTAGES
• NOTE: You will want to code the data so that the outcome
present (Success) category has the lower value (e.g. 1) and the
outcome absent (Failure) category has the higher value (e.g. 2).
Similar for Exposure present category (e.g. 1) and exposure
absent (e.g. 2). Use Value Labels to keep output straight.
 Example 5.5 - Antiseptic Experiment
R E

T H
e
Doat
e
6
4
0 T
A
C
%
%
% %
6
9
5 C
C
%
%
% %
2
3
5 T
C
%
%
% %

a r

mc
cp t
t
s
a
s
sdi
i
lid
d
ud
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51
4Pb

Ca
81
8
71
3L
5
4F
L
21
4
A
5 N
a
C
b
0
1
 McNemar’s Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select the outcome for condition/time 1
• For COLUMNS, Select the outcome for condition/time 2
• Under STATISTICS, Click on MCNEMAR
• Under CELLS, Click on OBSERVED and TOTAL
PERCENTAGES
• NOTE: You will want to code the data so that the outcome present
(Success) category has the lower value (e.g. 1) and the outcome
absent (Failure) category has the higher value (e.g. 2). Similar for
Exposure present category (e.g. 1) and exposure absent (e.g. 2).
Use Value Labels to keep output straight.
 Example 5.6 - Report of Implant Leak
E

G
o
sst
98
7S
PC
%
% %
53
8AC
%
% %
41
5TC
%
% %

t
ild
a
MP-value
N
a
B
 Cochran Mantel-Haenszel Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select the Independent Variable
• For COLUMNS, Select the Dependent Variable
• For LAYERS, Select the Strata Variable
• Under STATISTICS, Click on COCHRAN’S AND MANTEL-
HAENSZEL STATISTICS
• NOTE: You will want to code the data so that the outcome present
(Success) category has the lower value (e.g. 1) and the outcome absent
(Failure) category has the higher value (e.g. 2). Similar for Exposure
present category (e.g. 1) and exposure absent (e.g. 2). Use Value
Labels to keep output straight.
 Example 5.7 Smoking/Death by Age
V

C
T H
e
Do
Aae
tG
7
05
7S
S 0M
4
26N
1
23T o
7
45
1S
S 5M
4
15N
1
56T o
5
96
4S
S 0M
8
08N
3
92T o
3
76
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S 5M
6
95N
9
65T o

m o
7E
7l n
1S
0A
2A
CL
8I
RU
6lLn
7OU
T
d
t h
 Chi-Square Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select the Independent Variable
• For COLUMNS, Select the Dependent Variable
• Under STATISTICS, Click on CHI-SQUARE
• Under CELLS, Click on OBSERVED, EXPECTED, ROW
PERCENTAGES, and ADJUSTED STANDARDIZED
RESIDUALS
• NOTE: Large ADJUSTED STANDARDIZED RESIDUALS
(in absolute value) show which cells are inconsistent with null
hypothesis of independence. A common rule of thumb is seeing
which if any cells have values >3 in absolute value
 Example 5.8 - Marital Status & Cancer
R E V

N C R
T
C o
nat
c a
n
7 9
7M
S
C i
6 A
o
n
.1
9E
0 x
%
%
% %
3
3A d
2 6
8M
C
4 o
a
.3
7E
0 x
%
%
% %
7
7A d
2 7
6W
C
3 o
.6
4E
0 x
%
%
% %
1
1A d
1 5
5D
C i
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v
.0
0E
0 x
%
%
% %
0
0A d
3 7
6T
C
3 o o
.0
0E
0 x
%
%
% %
a

m p
sa
dild
0
3
7 a
P
2
3
4 L
L
1
1
7
A
3N
a
1
m
 Goodman & Kruskal’s g / Kendall’s tb

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to

variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select the Independent Variable
• For COLUMNS, Select the Dependent Variable
• Under STATISTICS, Click on GAMMA and KENDALL’S tb
 Examples 5.9,10 - Nicotine Patch/Exhaustion

C
H S
o1
2 t
8 D
1
8 2
7 3
8 4
1 T

y m
a
b
a
orl
Ex
ou
4
4
6
3 O
K
9
0
6
3 O
G
1 N
a
N
b
U
 Kruskal-Wallis Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  NONPARAMETRIC TESTS  k INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES
• For TEST VARIABLE, Select Dependent Variable
• For GROUPING VARIABLE, Select Independent Variable, then
define range of levels of variable (Minimum and Maximum)
• Click on KRUSKAL-WALLIS H
 Example 5.11 - Antibiotic Delivery
n

n
N D
5 O
1
5 2
4 3
T

a
a

C
CNote: This statistic
dmakes the adjustment for
Aties. See Hollander and
a
K
Wolfe (1973), p. 140.
b
G
 Cohen’s k
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  CROSSTABS
• For ROWS, Select Rater 1
• For COLUMNS, Select Rater 2
• Under STATISTICS, Click on KAPPA
• Under CELLS, Click on TOTAL Percentages to get the observed
percentages in each cell (the first number under observed count in
Table 5.17).
 Example 5.12 - Siskel & Ebert

E
-
o0
11
48
3
5 S
-
C
%
%
%
% %
83
1
2 0
C
%
%
%
% %
09
4
3 1
C
%
%
%
% %
20
8
0 T
C
%
%
%
% %

y m
a
b
a
orl
Eo
xu
9
0
1
0 M
K
0 N
a
N
b
U
 1-Factor ANOVA - Independent Samples
(Parallel Groups)

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to

variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  COMPARE MEANS  ONE-WAY ANOVA
• For DEPENDENT LIST, Click on the Dependent Variable
• For FACTOR, Click on the Independent Variable
• To obtain Pairwise Comparisons of Treatment Means:
– Click on POST HOC
– Then TUKEY and BONFERRONI (among many other choices)
 Examples 6.1,2 - HIV Clinical Trial
O

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dF
Sa
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f
2
0
1
0
C BD

7
8rW a
TN
1
2T
9 a
0
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6
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0
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1
9ZZ
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0
96
9
1S
S* Z
Z
0
96
9
9ZZ
0
90
9
1ZZ
S* Z
0
96
9
9S Z
0
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3
2
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Z
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0
90
8
2ZZ
*
0
93
2
2S
S Z
Z
0
91
2
2ZZ
0
90
2
8ZZ
S* Z
0
91
2
2S Z
*
Th.
 Kruskal-Wallis Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  NONPARAMETRIC TESTS  k INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES
• For TEST VARIABLE, Select Dependent Variable
• For GROUPING VARIABLE, Select Independent Variable, then
define range of levels of variable (Minimum and Maximum)
• Click on KRUSKAL-WALLIS H
Example 6.2(a) - Thalidomide and HIV-1
n

NT
W
1
2
3
4
T

a
a

G
C
d
A
a
K
b
G
 Randomized Block Design - F-test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  GENERAL LINEAR MODEL  UNIVARIATE
• Assign the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• Assign the TREATMENT variable as a FIXED FACTOR
• Assign the BLOCK variable as a RANDOM FACTOR
• Click on MODEL, then CUSTOM, under BUILD TERMS choose
MAIN EFFECTS, move both factors to MODEL list
• Click on POST HOC and select the TREATMENT factor for
POST HOC TESTS and BONFERRONI and TUKEY (among
many choices)
• For PLOTS, Select the BLOCK factor for HORIZONTAL AXIS
and the TREATMENT factor for SEPARATE LINES, click ADD
 Example 6.3 - Theophylline Clearance
n - S

D
I I I
S
q
d F
SS
u
ifga
3
1
3
50IHn
1
3
4 Ea

5
2
3
10DH
9
6
1 Eb

1
3
4
30SH
9
6
1 Eb

aM.
C b
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.

M e a
ei d e
r e
de
(
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g
)
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0
3
20
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1C
F
1 u
3
3
03
3 6
62
5P
7*
0
3
20
0 0
68
1F
C
1 a
3
3
03
3 6
61
5P
7*
3
3
03
3 6
62
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3
03
3 6
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06
6 0
6B
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07
9 6
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9 6
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 Example 6.3 - Theophylline Clearance
O P

b s
N1
2D
4
7Ta
P ,
u
4
3 C
4
3 F
0
8 S
M
B
T h Estimated Marginal Means of THEOPHCL
a
U .
7
b
A .
6

5
Estimated Marginal Means

3
DRUG
2
Cimetidine

1 Famotidine

0 Placebo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

SUBJECT
 Randomized Block Design - Friedman’s test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  NONPARAMETRIC TESTS  k RELATED
SAMPLES
• For TEST VARIABLES, select the variables representing the
treatments (each line is a subject/block)
• Click on FRIEDMAN
 Example 6.4 - Absorption of Valproate
Depakote
naa

N
C
C
C
d
E
A
a
F

Note: This makes an adjustment for ties, see Hollander and

Wolfe (1973), p. 140.
 2-Way ANOVA

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to

variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  GENERAL LINEAR MODEL  UNIVARIATE
• Assign the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• Assign the FACTOR A variable as a FIXED FACTOR
• Assign the FACTOR B variable as a FIXED FACTOR
• Click on MODEL, then CUSTOM, select FULL FACTORIAL
• Click on POST HOC and select the both factors for POST HOC
TESTS and BONFERRONI and TUKEY (among many choices)
• For PLOTS, Select FACTOR B for HORIZONTAL AXIS and
FACTOR A for SEPARATE LINES, click ADD
 Example 6.5 - Nortriptyline Clearance
n -

D
I I I
S
qd
FS
S
uif g
4
3
14
7Ca

8
1
82
0In
0
1
04
5E
2
1
26
8G
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8.0

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6.0 2
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ETHNIC
 Linear Regression
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names
to variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  REGRESSION  LINEAR
• Select the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• Select the INDEPENDENT VARAIABLE(S)
• Click on STATISTICS, then ESTIMATES,
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, MODEL FIT
• For histogram of residuals, click on PLOTS, and
HISTOGRAM under STANDARDIZED RESIDUAL
PLOTS
 Examples 7.1-7.6 - Gemfibrozil Clearance
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Histogram
Dependent Variable: CLGM
6

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Frequency

Std. Dev = .97

1
Mean = 0.00

0 N = 17.00
-1.50 -1.00 -.50 0.00 .50 1.00 1.50

Regression Standardized Residual

 Examples 7.1-7.6 - Gemfibrozil Clearance
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 Example 7.8 - TB/Thalidomide in HIV
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 Useful Regression Plots
• Scatterplot with Fitted (Least Squares) Line
– GRAPHS  INTERACTIVE  SCATTERPLOT
– Select DEPENDENT VARIABLE for UP/DOWN AXIS
– Select INDEPENDENT VARIABLE for RIGHT/LEFT AXIS
– Click on FIT Tab, then REGRESSION for METHOD
– NOTE: Be certain both variables are SCALE in VARIABLE
VIEW under MEASURE
• Partial Regression Plots (Multiple Regression) to observe
association of each Independent Variable with Y,
controlling for all others
– Fit REGRESSION model with all Independent Variables
– Click PLOTS, then PRODUCE ALL PARTIAL PLOTS
Example 7.1 - Gemfibrozil Scatterplot


Linear Regression

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clgm

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 clgm = 460.83 + -3.22 * clcr
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20 40 60

clcr
 Logistic Regression

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  REGRESSION  BINARY LOGISTIC
• Select the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• Select the INDEPENDENT VARAIABLE(S) as
COVARIATES
• For a 95% CI for the odds ratio, click on OPTIONS, then
CI for exp(B)
• Declare any CATEGORICAL COVARIATES
(Independent variables whose levels are categorical, not
numeric)
 Example 8.1 - Navelbine Toxicity

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Omnibus test for all regression coefficients (like F in linear regression)

 Example 8.2 - CHD, BP, Cholesterol
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 Nonlinear Regression

• After Importing your dataset, and providing names

to variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  REGRESSION  NONLINEAR
• Select the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• Define the MODEL EXPRESSION as a function of the
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(s) and unknown
PARAMETERS
• Define the PARAMETERS and give them STARTING
VALUES (this may take several attempts)
 Example 8.3 - MK-639 in AIDS Patients
Nonlinear Regression Summary Statistics Dependent Variable RNACHNG

Source DF Sum of Squares Mean Square

Regression 3 24.97099 8.32366

Residual 2 .02783 .01391
Uncorrected Total 5 24.99881

(Corrected Total) 4 10.83973

R squared = 1 - Residual SS / Corrected SS = .99743

Asymptotic 95 %
Asymptotic Confidence Interval
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Lower Upper

A 3.521788512 .121466117 2.999161991 4.044415032

B 35.598069675 7.532265897 3.189345253 68.006794097
C 18374.392967 82.899219276 18017.706415 18731.079519

Ax B
Model : y  B x  AUC06 h A, B, C  Parameters
x CB
 Survival Analysis -Kaplan-Meier Estimates
and Log-Rank Test
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  SURVIVAL  KAPLAN-MEIER
• Select the variable representing the survival TIME of individual
• Select the variable representing the STATUS of individual
(whether or not event has occured). NOTE: If the variable is an
indicator that the observation was CENSORED, then a value of 0
for that variable will mean the event has occured.
• Select the variable representing the FACTOR containing the
groups to be compared
• Click on COMPARE FACTOR, select LOG-RANK, and POOL
ACROSS STRATA
Examples 9.1-2 - Navelbine and Taxol in Mice
Survival Analysis for TIME

Factor REGIMEN = 1

Time Status Cumulative Standard Cumulative Number

Survival Error Events Remaining

6 0 .9796 .0202 1 48
8 0 .9592 .0283 2 47
22 0 .9388 .0342 3 46
32 0 4 45
32 0 .8980 .0432 5 44
35 0 .8776 .0468 6 43
41 0 .8571 .0500 7 42
46 0 .8367 .0528 8 41
54 0 .8163 .0553 9 40

Factor REGIMEN = 2

Time Status Cumulative Standard Cumulative Number

Survival Error Events Remaining

8 0 .9333 .0644 1 14
10 0 .8667 .0878 2 13
27 0 .8000 .1033 3 12
31 0 .7333 .1142 4 11
34 0 .6667 .1217 5 10
35 0 .6000 .1265 6 9
39 0 .5333 .1288 7 8
47 0 .4667 .1288 8 7
57 0 .4000 .1265 9 6
Examples 9.1-2 - Navelbine and Taxol in Mice
Survival Functions
1.1

1.0

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REGIMEN
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Cum Survival

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2-censored

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.3 1-censored
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TIME

Test Statistics for Equality of Survival Distributions for REGIMEN

Statistic df Significance
Log Rank 10.93 1 .0009

This is the square of the Z-statistic in text, and is a chi-square statistic

 Relative Risk Regression (Cox Model)
• After Importing your dataset, and providing names to
variables, click on:
• ANALYZE  SURVIVAL  COX REGRESSION
• Select the variable representing the survival TIME of individual
• Select the variable representing the STATUS of individual
(whether or not event has occured). NOTE: If the variable is an
indicator that the observation was CENSORED, then a value of
0 for that variable will mean the event has occured.
• Select the variable(s) representing the COVARIATES
(Independent Variables in Model)
• Identify any CATEGORICAL COVARIATES including
Dummy/Indicator variables
• K-M PLOTS can be obtained, with separate SURVIVAL curves
by categories
 Example 9.3 - 6MP vs Placebo
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TRT
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0.0 6MP
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REMSTIME