Example2 Two Equal Spans Option1 Final

Example 2 - Two equal spans
Abutment
Bent cap
Circular bent columns
Three foundation options:

Abutment
1. Fixed column bases
2. Pile/cap column bases
Details on following slides ( two versions )
10/20/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option1-Final.ppt 1
railing
8" slab deck
73" 4" 75" 73" 71"

75" 99" 4"
4.0' = 48"
30" Ø circular columns 20.0' = 240"
Ground level
Foundation:
Three options
deck 8"
29.0'
99" BT-63 63"
bearing
4"
48" 4.0' 3 @ 7.0' 4.0'

cap
26.0' face-to-face
Railing
300 lb/ft (0.3 k/ft)
9"
1.0' 18"
27.0'
6.0' 17.0' 3.0'
Bent cap
4.0'
30" Ø
5.0' 8.5' 20.0'
Foundation Foundation
Foundation Option 1: Bent columns on fixed supports
Abutment
Bent cap
Bent column
Abutment
Columns assumed fixed at ground level
Foundation Options 2 and 3: Bent columns on capped piles
( Two versions )
Abutment
Bent cap
Pile cap
Abutment
Each column supported by 9-pile group
Example 2 – Option 1:
Bent columns on fixed supports
Abutment
Bent cap
Bent column
Columns fixed at ground level

Abutment
railing
8" slab deck
75" = 6.25'
4" 8.25'
4.0' Top of column at mid-

height of bent cap
30.25'
22.0'
20.0'
Ground level
Fully-fixed foundation ("fixed

foundation springs")
X = 80.0'
Z
Pinned bearing
X
Z=0
Z = -6.083' Z = -6.083'
Z = -6.25' Z = -6.25'
Roller bearing Z = -8.25'
(X = 0, X = 160')
Abutment
Bent 22.0'
Z = -30.25'
Use Orb to open New File
Start Bridge Wizard – define Layout Line
Bent at X = 80 will
be added later
Default
materials
Specify the Frame Sections used for the bent cap, bent columns, and girders
BT-63 Girders
48"
36"
Bent cap:
30" Ø concrete columns: same concrete as
same concrete as used in deck used in deck
Option 1: Fixed column bases (shown)

Option 2: Pile/cap foundation
Frame Sections: bent cap, bent columns, BT-63 girders
Define and name the Bent Cap (only one)
Verify that section

dimensions are inches
See the next page for a hidden result of

selecting a Rectangular concrete section
Selecting a Rectangular concrete Frame
Section automatically adds the default
reinforcing steel A615Gr60 (note default
sizes, etc.) to the list of Defined Materials
Confirm by going
back to Step 3.1 in
the Bridge Wizard
Bent cap parameters and coordinates 2
2
BT-63 girder and coordinates
3 1
Deck Sections
Bearings
Keep default
d.o.f.s
Abutments
Define and name abutments
Bearing
"fixed" abutment
support
Same abutment named Abutments

used at both ends of the bridge
Recall that the bearings are not part of

the abutment definitions
Bent
The bent consists of the bent cap and the bent columns.
The fixity condition at the base of the column is part of the bent definition. In
Option 1 the columns are assumed fixed at the ground level, as shown below.
A different fixity definition will be required in Option 2 (pile/cap foundation)
Bent cap
Bent column
Bent
Columns assumed fixed at ground level
Assumed bearing condition at the bent
The deck sections in both spans are assumed continuous across the bent cap. This is
permitted only when both deck sections on either side of the bent are the same.
The deck sections are supported (at the undersides of the girders) on pinned bearings
that lie transversely along a single bearing line at the centerline of the cap.
Deck sections in both spans lie on same bearing line
Pinned bearing
Bent cap
30" Ø concrete columns
Cap coordinate orientation
Cap member
coordinate system
1 The cap "fits" in bridge such that the

2 origin of the cap coordinate system is at
the left end of the cap, viewed in the
structure +X direction
Y 3
Z
X
View from X = 0
22.0'
5.0' 3.0'
1 Bent cap
4.0'
30" Ø
5.0' 8.5' 22.0' 20.0'
Fixed base Fixed base
Bent
Define columns on
next screen
Bent column positions, lengths and boundary conditions
Railings – same as used in Example 1
Left edge of bridge
Line load named LEFTRAIL

(same as RIGHTRAIL)
Right edge of bridge
Z
Line load named RIGHTRAIL:
Global coordinate system – gravity load ( -Z direction )
Y
X
Assume 300 lb/foot = 0.3 kip/foot
Assume applied 9" = 0.75 ft from right edge of bridge
VIEW
"Left" and "right" bridge edges are as seen looking along the bridge
layout line, in the +X global coordinate direction
Railings as Line Loads
Create Bridge Object
One Bridge Object will include both spans
Layout line length: 160 ft
Layout line
X
Bearing
Start Bent End

abutment abutment
Span from start Span from bent to

abutment to bent end abutment
80 ft 80 ft
Deck sections, bearings, abutments, and the bent will be assigned

to Bridge Object after the Bridge Object has been created
Define and name Bridge Object Bridge_object
Add New Bridge Object opening screen
Default Bridge Object Reference Line based on

Layout Line defined in Bridge Wizard Step 2
Name the Bridge Object Bridge_object and then divide it into two
segments by inserting a bent at X = 80 ft.
Note that the "Bent" shown above is a generic term.

It is not the bent Bent_fixed_base defined in Bridge
Wizard Step 4.4. This specific bent will be assigned
to the Bridge Object in Wizard Step 7.
Redefined Bridge Object Reference Line
This panel could be used to assign

deck sections, bearings, abutments
and bent properties.
However, the Bridge Wizard will
be used in this example
Assign Deck Section to Bridge Object
Full Span to End Bent Full Span to End Abutment
Layout line
X
Bearing
Start Bent End

abutment abutment
It only takes one Deck Section assignment for both spans

because one Bridge Object includes both spans
Assign Deck_Section to Bridge_Object
This is the only Bridge Object

that has been defined. It is
used by default.
Since there has been defined only one Deck Section, by default it
is assigned to both spans included in the Bridge Object
Assign Bearings, Abutments and Bent to Bridge Object
Bridge Object references
End
Abutment
Bent
Start
Bent Abutment
In the Bridge Object definition, Start Abutment,

Bent and End Abutment are the names of
specific points along the layout line
Start End
Abutment Abutment
End bearings and abutments
railing
8" slab deck
73" 4" 75" 73" 71"

75" 99" 4"
4.0' = 48"
Pinned bearing
Roller bearing Roller bearing
20.0' = 240"
Ground level
Details and dimensions assumed at the start (X = 0) and end (X = 160 ft) abutments
Z Z
rail rail
X X
8" deck slab 8" deck slab
73" 71"
75" Z = - 75" Z = - 73"
BT-63 girder BT-63 girder
Roller bearing Action point of bearing

(assumed at mid-depth
of bearing assembly)
Top surface of abutment
substructure
Abutment "fixed"
in all 6 d.o.f.)
Similar for X = 160 ft
Assignment Abutments to Bridge Object
Default
Assign both bearing and abutment substructure at Start Abutment ( X = 0 )
Do not "OK" yet
Repeat at End Abutment ( X = 160 ) - in this example, end abutments are the same
Bent and bearing
railing
8" slab deck
73" 4" 75" 73" 71"

75" 99" 4"
4.0' = 48"
Pinned bearing
Roller bearing Roller bearing
20.0' = 240"
Ground level
Details and dimensions assumed at the bent
8" deck rail
BT-72 girder 73" 71"

75"
99" Z = -73"
Pinned Z = -75"
4"
bearing
Action point of bearing
bent (assumed at mid-depth
4.0' = 48"
cap Top surface of bearing assembly)
Mid-depth of bent
cap (top of H-pile of bent cap
embedment in
bent cap)
Assign Bent and Bearing to Bridge Object
Default
Bent
location:
see
Bridge
Object
Left and Right Railings assigned as Line Loads
End Abutment
X = 160
Bent
Start Abutment
X=0
Assign Line Loads
Click empty
Load Pattern
cell to begin
Default
Each Line Load extends from X=0 to X=160
Assign railing loads to DEAD load case
Do not "OK" yet
Update Linked Model to incorporate the assignments just
made to the Bridge Object Bridge_object :
Bearings, Abutments, Bent, Line Loads
This step assembles the Bridge Structural Model used for analysis and design
Note: Could also Update as Spine Model Using Frame Objects for most cases.
Resulting illustration of skeleton Area Object Model
Still in Home Tab because Bridge

Wizard has been used up to this point
Area Object Model
Note: Could also create a bridge model by Updating
as Spine Model Using Frame Objects for most cases.
1. Open Bridge Tab.

2. Turn off Automatic Update.
3. Use manual Update from now on
Spine Model Using Frame Objects
In the Bridge tab, manually Update to get back to the
Area Object Model for remainder of this Example
Default view: 3-d skeletal view
Completed model - viewing options and attributes
Use this portion of Home tab to select and

control viewing the model
Y
X
Default view: 3-d skeletal view
Restore full view
Rubberband zoom Resume previous zoom

(select area to view) Zoom in , Zoom out
Pan (move image

within view area)
Rotate image (takes some

getting used to)
Toggle between "perspective" and "flat" Select 3-d or planar views for use in
views (doesn't always work!) drawing or editing components
Move through planes defined by grid

lines (during drawing or editing)
Refresh displayed image
(useful at times)
3D and 2D rendering
views (not used for
drawing or editing
components)
Set Display Options (not all options

are available at the same time)
Switch to Extrude View using Display Options
Note:
Extrude View disables
some of the other
Display Options
3-d Extrude View
Mostly useful for viewing model to

verify that it "looks right"
Change from 3-d View to plane view: XZ ( or XY, YZ )
XZ perspective view
Layout Line origin
Change from XZ view to YZ view
YZ perspective view
View from X = 160 toward origin
Z (up)
Y
Layout Line origin
Turn off Perspective toggle
Perspective view
"Flat" view
Toggle
Try other views and options
Perform a Dead Load analysis (girders, deck, railing loads)
By default, girder and deck weights are assigned to DEAD load case. The railings were
specified as DEAD loads when the railing Line Loads were assigned to the Bridge Object.
Select Load Case for which analysis is desired
Opening
Run
Analysis
options
Toggle
Action
between
Run and Do
Not Run
Select
Do Not Run
Run selected analysis
Deflected shape: XZ view - Joints ON , Perspective OFF
Set 3D View:
XZ
Z (U3)
Deflection reference line
X (U1)
Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening

of the bent columns and the piles
Use Display to see various results
Draw deflected shape
Various deflections
Z (U3)
X (U1)
U3 = -0.0263 in
U3 = -0.2947 in
Moment diagram
Draw moment diagram
Moment reference directions: M1 , M2 , M3
Z
Node J (end
of girder)
X
Y
2 1
Member moments are reported in
the member 123 coordinate system
3
For example, the longitudinal
Node I moment is M3
(beginning of
girder)
Longitudinal moment diagram (in XZ plane) drawn on tension side of member
Manual calculation: maximum negative DL moment
Dead loads (kips/foot):

Girders (BT-63): 4 * 0.743 k/ft = 2.97 k/ft
Deck: 29 ft * (8 in / 12 in/ft) * 0.15 k/ft3 = 2.90 k/ft 6.47 k/ft
Railings: 2 * 0.3 k/ft = 0.6 k/ft
w = 6.47 k/ft
L = 80 ft
Mneg(max) = w L2 (AISC Manual)

8
w L2 6.47 k / ft  (80 ft )2
Mneg = = = 5176 ft-k ( 4949 by CSI Bridge)
8 8
Why the difference?
Reactions at base of bent column
Vertical reaction on column in –Y region
R = 369.5 kips
Rubberband Zoom
Axial forces in columns
Put pointer on joint:
Column force = -369.5 kips
R = 369.5 kips ( Slide 89 )
Axial force diagram
Rubberband Zoom
R = 369.5 kips
( Slide 89 )
Save your CSI Bridge .bdb file in two versions:
Save as: Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option1.bdb

This is the option just completed in which the two columns are fixed at
their bases
Save as: Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb

This will be the starting point for the next option in which pile-cap/piles
foundation will be used

Example2 Two Equal Spans Option1 Final

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Example2 Two Equal Spans Option1 Final

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Example 2 - Two equal spans

Circular bent columns

Three foundation options:

73" 4" 75" 73" 71"

30" Ø circular columns 20.0' = 240"

99" BT-63 63"

48" 4.0' 3 @ 7.0' 4.0'

300 lb/ft (0.3 k/ft)

6.0' 17.0' 3.0'

5.0' 8.5' 20.0'

Each column supported by 9-pile group

Columns fixed at ground level

4.0' Top of column at mid-

Fully-fixed foundation ("fixed

Option 1: Fixed column bases (shown)

Verify that section

See the next page for a hidden result of

Same abutment named Abutments

Recall that the bearings are not part of

Columns assumed fixed at ground level

Deck sections in both spans lie on same bearing line

30" Ø concrete columns

1 The cap "fits" in bridge such that the

5.0' 8.5' 22.0' 20.0'

Fixed base Fixed base

Left edge of bridge

Line load named LEFTRAIL

Right edge of bridge

Layout line length: 160 ft

Start Bent End

Span from start Span from bent to

Deck sections, bearings, abutments, and the bent will be assigned

Default Bridge Object Reference Line based on

Note that the "Bent" shown above is a generic term.

This panel could be used to assign

Full Span to End Bent Full Span to End Abutment

Start Bent End

It only takes one Deck Section assignment for both spans

This is the only Bridge Object

In the Bridge Object definition, Start Abutment,

73" 4" 75" 73" 71"

Roller bearing Action point of bearing

Similar for X = 160 ft

Do not "OK" yet

73" 4" 75" 73" 71"

8" deck rail

BT-72 girder 73" 71"

Do not "OK" yet

Still in Home Tab because Bridge

Area Object Model

1. Open Bridge Tab.

Spine Model Using Frame Objects

Default view: 3-d skeletal view

Use this portion of Home tab to select and

Default view: 3-d skeletal view

Rubberband zoom Resume previous zoom

Pan (move image

Rotate image (takes some

Move through planes defined by grid

Set Display Options (not all options

Mostly useful for viewing model to

Layout Line origin

View from X = 160 toward origin

Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening