batuan metamorf

batuan metamorf
terjadi karena proses ubahan dari batuan
asal (beku, sedimen atau metamorf) oleh
suatu proses metamorfosa  proses
penambahan P dan atau T

 metamorfosa terjadi dari fase padat ke fase

padat, tanpa melalui fase cair  proses
isokimia, komposisi kimia batuan tetap, yang
berubah susunan mineraloginya
 proses metamorfosa meliputi :
- rekristalisasi
- reorientasi
- pembentukan mineral baru dengan
menyusun kembali elemen-elemen kimia
yang sudah ada sebelumnya
 bermacam
‘hand spicement
samples’
batuan metamorf
Protolith and Metamorphic Rocks
marble

phyllite

phyllite
tipe metamorfosa
(berdasarkan faktor yang mempengaruhi)
kontak/thermal
 metamorfosa yang diakibatkan oleh kenaikan T
(temperatur)  pada kontak tubuh intrusi dengan
batuan disekitarnya.
dinamo/dislokasi/kataklastik
 metamorfosa yang diakibatkan oleh kenaikan P
(tekanan), bisa hidrostatis (ke segala arah)
ataupun stress (searah)  adanya sesar
regional/dinamothermal
 metamorfosa yang diakibatkan oleh kenaikan P dan
T secara bersama-sama  geosinklin dan
‘subduction zone’
Classification of Metamorphic Rocks

Formation of
Contact Metamorphic
Rocks

Formation of
Regional Metamorphic
Rocks
 Pressure (stress)
as a metamorphic
agent
klasifikasi dan penamaaN
struktur :
foliasi
 foliatus = daun/berdaun/seperti berlapis
 umumnya hasil dari metamorfosa regional,
secara visual menampakkan kesan seperti
perlapisan (penjajaran mineral)

non foliasi
 sebagian hasil dari metamorfosa kontak, tidak
menunjukkan adanya orientasi mineral
jenis-jenis foliasi :
 slaty : belahan-belahan sangat kecil, oleh
mika-mika mikroskopis
 phyllitic : foliasi yang diperlihatkan oleh
kepingan halus mineral mika
 schistose : foliasi yang diperlihatkan secara jelas
oleh kepingan-kepingan mika,
memberikan belahan yang rata
 gneissic : foliasi diperlihatkan oleh penyusunan
mineral-mineral yang granular,
memberikan belahan yang tidak rata
derajat metamorfisme regional

derajat metamorfism mineral khas yg dijumpai

rendah chlorit
(low grade metamorphisme) biotit

menengah almandit
(middle grade
metamorphisme)
staurolit

kyanit
tinggi (high grade) sillimanit
progressive regional metamorphism
 Metamorphic Mineral Reactions
Magnetite + Oxygen = Hematite
4Fe3O4 + O2 = 6Fe2O3
Calcite + Quartz = Wollastonite + Carbon Dioxide
CaCO3 + SiO2 = CaSiO3 + CO2
Brucite + Silica (in hydrothermal fluid) + Calcite = Monticellite + Carbon
Dioxite + Water
Mg(OH)2 + SiO2 + CaCO3 = CaMgSiO4 + CO2 + H2O
Analcime + Quartz = Albite + Water
NaAlSi2O6.H2O + SiO2 = NaAlSi3O8 + 2H2O
Chlorite + Quartz = Garnet + Water
2(Mg,Fe,Mn)4.5Al3Si2.5O10 + 4SiO2 = 3(Mg,Fe,Mn)3Al2Si3O12 + 8H2O
Muscovite = K-spar + corrundum + Water
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 = KAlSi3O8 + Al2O3 + H2O
Muscovite + Quartz = K-spar + Sillimanite + Water
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 + SiO2 = KAlSi3O8 + Al2SiO5 + H2O
Biotite + Quartz = Orthopyroxene + Kspar + Water
K(Mg,Fe)3Si4O10(OH)2 + 3SiO2 = KAlSi3O8 + 3(Mg,Fe)SiO3 + H2O
Albite = Jadeite + Quartz
NaAlSi3O8 = NaAlSi2O6 + SiO2
 fasies metamorfik
temp oC kumpulan mineral fasies zona
800 plagioklas-augit -olivin hornfels
-diopsit

700 plagioklas-hornb -garnet amfibolit

-garnet

Epidot -
450 albit-hornb-epidot -chlorit
amfibolit
albit-aktinolit-epidot-chlorit Green-
250 schist
150 Albit-epidot-chlorit -kalsit
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Slate
Protolith: Fine grained rock
like shale, mudstone, or
siltstone
Appearance: Dull, microscopic
grains, strong slaty cleavage,
any color
Slate (Batusabak)
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Phyllite
Protolith: Can be any rock-
type

Appearance: Shiny, strongly

micaceous with microscopic
grains, has strong schistose
cleavage, can be felsic
(muscovite-rich, silvery) or
Mafic (biotite-rich, shiny
medium to dark gray)
FILIT MIKA
SEKIS KLORITOID
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Schist

Protolith: Can be any rock-

type

Appearance: Shiny, strongly

micaceous, fine to medium grained
has strong schistose cleavage,
can be felsic (muscovite-rich,
silvery) or mafic (biotite-rich,
shiny medium to dark gray)
SEKIS
SEKIS
SEKIS GARNET-MIKA
MILONIT
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss

Protolith: Can be any rock-type,

but most often formed from a
sheared coarse grained protolith
such as granite, conglomerate,
breccia

Appearance: Dull, weakly micaceous,

fine to coarse grained, banded, weak
cleavage
GENIS-MIGMATIT
GENES
GENIS
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Migmatite

Protolith: Can be any rock-type

Appearance: Dull, weakly micaceous,

fine to coarse grained, folded banded
texture, weak cleavage, almost melte
a folded gneiss
MIGMATIT
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
B. Special Types of Metamorphic Rocks

May be foliated or unfoliated

 Quartzite
• Metamorphosed sandstone
• Harder than marble
• Will not fizz (release CO2) in the presence of
acid
METAPSAMIT
(META BATUPASIR)
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
B. Special Types of Metamorphic Rocks

May be foliated or unfoliated

 Marble
• Metamorphosed limestone

• Contains calcium carbonate

• Will fizz (release CO2) in the presence of acid

• Softer than quartzite

MARMER
MARMER
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
B. Special Types of Metamorphic Rocks

May be foliated or unfoliated

 Amphibolite
• Dull black, fine to coarse grained, weak
cleavage if sheared (gneissic)
• Metamorphosed gabbro, basalt, or diorite

Dark rock composed mostly of amphibole and Ca-Na plagioclase, may be

either foliated or unfoliated, often with large (visible) elongated crystals of
amphibole
SKARN
EKLOGIT
EKLOGIT
maturnuwun……