Video Technology

PRESENTED BY:
YASHASVI
KOMAL
AMMAR
KARAN
 Raster Scan Displays
• Raster: A rectangular array of points or dots
• Pixel: One dot or picture element of the raster
• Scan Line: A row of pixels
 Raster Scan Displays
• In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept
across the screen, one row at a time from top to
bottom.
 Raster Scan Displays
• As the electron beam moves
across each row, the beam
intensity is turned on and off to
create a pattern of illuminated
spots.
• Picture definition is stored in a
memory area called the refresh
buffer or frame buffer.
• Refresh buffer or frame
buffer: This memory area
holds the set of intensity values
for all the screen points.
 Raster Scan Displays
• Stored intensity values then retrieved from refresh buffer
and “painted” on the screen one row (scan line) at a
time.
 Raster Scan Displays
• Sometimes, refresh rates are described in unit of cycles
per second, or Hertz (HZ)
• Refreshing on raster scan displays is carried out at the
rate 60 to 80 frame per second.
Worldwide Television Standards

Not all television sets in the world are equal.

Different countries use one of the three main
video standards:
● PAL
● NTSC
● SECAM
NTSC (National Television Standards Committee)
● Color encoding conversion standard for television, video and DVD playback.
● Created in the US in 1941 for black and white television broadcasting.
● 525 vertical scan lines /30 frames per second /Amplitude Modulation/ screen
resolution 720X480 pixels.
● The majority of 60Hz based countries use this technique-North south americas ,
Japan
● Works perfectly in a video or closed circuit environment
● Can exhibit problems of varying colour when used in a broadcast environment.
● Two passes drawing(interlacing)
- Odd numbered lines
- Followed by even-numbered(60Hz)
- Helps prevent flicker
PAL (Phase Alternate line )

● Developed in 1967 by UK and Germany

● 25 frames per second/ 625 scan lines/ Amplitude modulation/ screen
resolution 720X576
● The majority of 50Hz based countries use this technique-Europe ,
Australia, South Africa
● Higher resolution and better picture quality
● Odd/ Even line interlacing PAL has a slower frame rate, resulting in
motion not being as smooth
● The picture itself can appear to flicker at times
SECAM (Sequential Color and Memory)

● Introduced in France in 1967.

● Developed for the same purpose as PAL, but uses a different
mechanism.
● 625 scan lines/25 frames per second/Interlaced(Same as PAL).
● Transmits the color information sequentially.
● Uses Frequency Modulation unlike PAL and NTSC.
● France , Russia .