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Chapter Outline
5.1 Two Types of Random Variables
5.2 Discrete Probability Distributions
5.3 The Binomial Distribution
5.4 The Poisson Distribution (Optional)
5.5 The Hypergeometric Distribution
(Optional)
5.6 Joint Distributions and the Covariance
(Optional)
5-2
LO 5-1: Explain the
difference between a
discrete random
variable and a
continuous random
variable.
5.1 Two Types of Random
Variables
Random variable: a variable that assumes numerical
values determined by the outcome of an experiment
Discrete
Continuous
Discrete random variable: Possible values can be
counted or listed
The number of defective units in a batch of 20
A rating on a scale of 1 to 5
Continuous random variable: May assume any
numerical value in one or more intervals
The waiting time for a credit card authorization
The interest rate charged on a business loan
5-3
LO 5-2: Find a discrete
probability distribution
and compute its mean
and standard deviation. 5.2 Discrete Probability
Distributions
The probability distribution of a discrete
random variable is a table, graph or formula
that gives the probability associated with
each possible value that the variable can
assume
Denote the values of the random variable by
x and the value’s associated probability by
p(x)
5-4
LO 5-3: Use the
binomial distribution
to compute
probabilities.
5.3 The Binomial Distribution
The binomial experiment…
1. Experiment consists of n identical trials
2. Each trial results in either “success” or
“failure”
3. Probability of success, p, is constant from
trial to trial
4. Trials are independent
If x is the total number of successes in n
trials of a binomial experiment, then x is a
binomial random variable
5-5
LO 5-4: Use the
Poisson distribution to
compute probabilities
(Optional).
5.4 The Poisson Distribution
(Optional)
Variance
r r N n
2
x n 1
N N N 1
5-9
LO 5-6: Compute and
understand the
covariance between
two random variables
(Optional).
5.6 Joint Distributions and the
Covariance (Optional)
5-10
LO5-6
Covariance
To measure the association between x and y,
can calculate the covariance between x and y
Calculate (x-µx)(y-µy)=(x-.124)(y-.124) for each
combination of values of x and y
Note that .124 is the mean of both distributions
Multiply each (x-µx)(y-µy) value by the
probability of p(x,y) and sum results
The result is the covariance
Denoted by σ2xy
5-11