AIR PROPERTIES MOISTURE CONTENT

PSYCHROMETRY
science a nd study
CONTROL METHODS HUMIDITY EFFECTS
 PYSCHR0METRY
APPLICATIONS
cotton cellulose sugar chemicals
paper wood burned lime fertilizer
 PYSCHR0METRY
APPLICATIONS
relative humidity energy usage
drying rate exhaust relative humidity
Condensation
 PYSCHR0METRY
APPLICATIONS
relative humidity relative humidity below 75%
 PSYCHROMETRIC
PROCESSES
PHYSICAL THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES

dry bulb T wet bulb T humidity

H ρ
enthalpy density
 PSYCHROMETRIC
graphical CHA RT psychrometric
representation processes of air
rapid estimates of conditions
visualization of process operations
heat load or cooling load calculations
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Dry bulb
temperatures(DBT)
vertical lines
increases
from left to
right
Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Wet-bulb
temperature (WBT)
diagonals
increases
from left to
right
Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Relative Humidity
curves extending from
the lower left to the
upper right
RH reduces from left
towards right

Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Saturation Curve
extreme left curve
along the shoe

RH of 100%

Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Dew Point (DP)
Temperature
depends on the
moisture content

constant moisture
lines are also constant
DP temperature lines
Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Moisture Content
water vapor present
in the air
gram per kg of dry air
vertical scale located
towards the extreme
right
Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Total Enthalpy
of the Air
sensible heat and the
latent heat
lines extend from the
enthalpy scale down
toward the right side
of the chart
Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Specific Volume
of the Air
important parameter
lines start from the
saturation curve and
drop down with the
slight angle to the
Source: http://www.powerknot.com/how-to-read-and-use-a-psychrometric-chart.html
vertical lines
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
plots temperature (abscissa) against
Grosvenor Chart humidity (ordinate)
plot of enthalpy (abscissa) against humidity
Bowen Chart (ordinate)

Mollier Chart plots humidity (abscissa) against enthalpy (lones

sloping diagonally from top left to bottom right)

Salen-Soininen Chart
tricky to plot and read, but covers a much wider range of humidity
than do other types of chart and is thus very effective for high
humidity mixtures and calculations near the boiling point
 PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES
Sensible Cooling
of the Air
only the sensible heat of the air is
removed so as to reduce its
temperature
no change in the moisture content
(kg/kg of dry air) of the air
Source: http://www.cibsejournal.com/cpd/modules/2009-10/
 PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES
Sensible Heating
of the Air
important when the air conditioner
is used as the heat pump to heat
the air
air is heated by passing it over the
condenser coil or the heating coil that carry
the high temperature refrigerant
Source: http://www.cibsejournal.com/cpd/modules/2009-10/
 PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES
Cooling and
Humidification Process
most commonly used air conditioning
application for the cooling purposes
moisture is added to the air by passing it
over the stream or spray of water which is
at temperature lower than the dry bulb
temperature of the air
Source: http://img.bhs4.com/7B/0/7B00D92EDFDF7CFD36DC41749BFBCAA75F61DE37_large.jpg
 PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES
Heating and
Humidification Process
dry bulb temperature as well as the
humidity of the air increases
carried out by passing the air over spray of
water, which is maintained at temperature
higher than the dry bulb temperature of air
Source: http://img.bhs4.com/58/1/5813E5C796D05139FD20FD529931B8908C34327E_large.jpg
 PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES
Cooling and
Dehumidification Process
air is cooled sensibly and at the same
time the moisture is removed from it
obtained when the air at the given dry bulb
and dew point (DP) temperature is cooled
below the dew point temperature

Source: http://img.bhs4.com/E3/E/E3EAEDA9B8AD181174FCC4A515182819B69FDD2D_large.jpg
 PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES
Heating and
Dehumidification Process
air is heated and at the same time
moisture is removed from it
obtained by passing the air over certain
chemicals like alumina and molecular sieves

Source: http://img.bhs4.com/A0/7/A073FD303EF36889981A558680782F92FA7B09FF_large.jpg
TEMPERATURE AIR QUALITY
HUMIDITY DISTRIBUTION
AIR CONDITIONING
air treating
factors process
tobe controlled
 AIR CONDITIONING
APPLICATIONS

Human Maintenance Maintenance

comfort of proper of worker’s
promotion conditions health
 FACTORS AFFECTING COMFORT

temperature
humidity
air velocity
radiant heat
clothing
work intensity
noise
 INDUSTRIAL AIR CONDITIONING
must be designed according
Industrial Buildings to their intended use
 ODOR S OURCES

OCCUPANTS COOKING OTHERS

How To DILUTION
Introducing fresh air or purified recirculated air to
Counter? reduce odor concentrations to an acceptable level
 INDUSTRIAL AIRCON SYSTEM
CONTAMINANTS
harmful
vapor dust fumes
environmental gas
INDUSTRIAL AIRCON SYSTEM
CONTAMINANT CONTROL
By exhaust systems at the source

Exhaust systems
necessary to introduce sufficient
fresh air into the air-conditioned area
to make up for that exhausted
INDUSTRIAL AIRCON SYSTEM
CONTAMINANT CONTROL
By dilution ventilation
contaminant comes from widely
dispersed points
not appropriate where large volumes
of contaminant are released
not appropriate where the employees
must work near the contaminant
source
INDUSTRIAL AIRCON SYSTEM
CONTAMINANT CONTROL
Exhaust Stacks
should be high enough to
adequately dispense the
contaminated
air and to prevent
recirculation into fresh air
intakes
 INDUSTRIAL AIRCON SYSTEM
CONTAMINANTS
Methods of reducing contaminant emission rate

Filtering
Scrubbing
Catalytic Oxidation
Incineration
AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Air-conditioning System
forces a mixture of fresh outdoor
air and room air through a series
of devices which act upon the air

*to clean the air

*to increase or decrease air
temperature
*to increase or decrease humidity
 AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Air-conditioning System
Central (Field-Erected) Unitary (Packaged)
 AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Central Air-conditioning System
Cooling Equipment

Water or direct-expansion refrigerant coils Air Washer

AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Central Air-conditioning System
Heating Equipment

Steam or hot-water coils

 AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Central Air-conditioning System
Humidification Equipment

Target-type
Air Washer
water nozzles Pan Humidifier
AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Central Air-conditioning System
Air Cleaning Equipment

Cleanable or throwaway filters

 AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
Central Air-conditioning System
Condenser Rejected Heat Treating Equipment

Cooling Tower Air Cooled Condenser

 AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
UNITARY REFRIGERANT-BASED AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

Window-mounted
air conditioners
Heat Pumps Self Contained System
 AIR CONDITION ING EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT SELECTION FACTORS

Degree of Degree of Investment, Building

Temperature Space (new or existing
Humidity owning, and
Required requirements construction)
Required operating costs